Autophagy Contributes to the Death/Survival Balance in Cancer PhotoDynamic Therapy
Autophagy is an important cellular program with a “double face” role, since it promotes either cell survival or cell death, also in cancer therapies. Its survival role occurs by recycling cell components during starvation or removing stressed organelles; when damage becomes extensive, autophagy prov...
Main Authors: | , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2012-08-01
|
Series: | Cells |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/1/3/464 |
id |
doaj-3285abee6ace4da287b34c07458579dd |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-3285abee6ace4da287b34c07458579dd2020-11-24T20:42:16ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092012-08-011346449110.3390/cells1030464Autophagy Contributes to the Death/Survival Balance in Cancer PhotoDynamic TherapyLuciana DiniElisa PanzariniValentina InguscioAutophagy is an important cellular program with a “double face” role, since it promotes either cell survival or cell death, also in cancer therapies. Its survival role occurs by recycling cell components during starvation or removing stressed organelles; when damage becomes extensive, autophagy provides another programmed cell death pathway, known as Autophagic Cell Death (ACD). The induction of autophagy is a common outcome in PhotoDynamic Therapy (PDT), a two-step process involving the irradiation of photosensitizer (PS)-loaded cancer cells. Upon tissue oxygen interaction, PS provokes immediate and direct Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-induced damage to Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), mitochondria, plasma membrane, and/or lysosomes. The main biological effects carried out in cancer PDT are direct cytotoxicity to tumor cells, vasculature damage and induction of inflammatory reactions stimulating immunological responses. The question about the role of autophagy in PDT and its putative immunological impact is hotly controversial and largely studied in recent times. This review deals with the induction of autophagy in PDT protocols and its dual role, also considering its interrelationship with apoptosis, the preferential cell death program triggered in the photodynamic process.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/1/3/464photodynamic therapy (PDT)autophagycancer therapyAtg proteinsimmunogenic cell deathcell death |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Luciana Dini Elisa Panzarini Valentina Inguscio |
spellingShingle |
Luciana Dini Elisa Panzarini Valentina Inguscio Autophagy Contributes to the Death/Survival Balance in Cancer PhotoDynamic Therapy Cells photodynamic therapy (PDT) autophagy cancer therapy Atg proteins immunogenic cell death cell death |
author_facet |
Luciana Dini Elisa Panzarini Valentina Inguscio |
author_sort |
Luciana Dini |
title |
Autophagy Contributes to the Death/Survival Balance in Cancer PhotoDynamic Therapy |
title_short |
Autophagy Contributes to the Death/Survival Balance in Cancer PhotoDynamic Therapy |
title_full |
Autophagy Contributes to the Death/Survival Balance in Cancer PhotoDynamic Therapy |
title_fullStr |
Autophagy Contributes to the Death/Survival Balance in Cancer PhotoDynamic Therapy |
title_full_unstemmed |
Autophagy Contributes to the Death/Survival Balance in Cancer PhotoDynamic Therapy |
title_sort |
autophagy contributes to the death/survival balance in cancer photodynamic therapy |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Cells |
issn |
2073-4409 |
publishDate |
2012-08-01 |
description |
Autophagy is an important cellular program with a “double face” role, since it promotes either cell survival or cell death, also in cancer therapies. Its survival role occurs by recycling cell components during starvation or removing stressed organelles; when damage becomes extensive, autophagy provides another programmed cell death pathway, known as Autophagic Cell Death (ACD). The induction of autophagy is a common outcome in PhotoDynamic Therapy (PDT), a two-step process involving the irradiation of photosensitizer (PS)-loaded cancer cells. Upon tissue oxygen interaction, PS provokes immediate and direct Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-induced damage to Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), mitochondria, plasma membrane, and/or lysosomes. The main biological effects carried out in cancer PDT are direct cytotoxicity to tumor cells, vasculature damage and induction of inflammatory reactions stimulating immunological responses. The question about the role of autophagy in PDT and its putative immunological impact is hotly controversial and largely studied in recent times. This review deals with the induction of autophagy in PDT protocols and its dual role, also considering its interrelationship with apoptosis, the preferential cell death program triggered in the photodynamic process. |
topic |
photodynamic therapy (PDT) autophagy cancer therapy Atg proteins immunogenic cell death cell death |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/1/3/464 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT lucianadini autophagycontributestothedeathsurvivalbalanceincancerphotodynamictherapy AT elisapanzarini autophagycontributestothedeathsurvivalbalanceincancerphotodynamictherapy AT valentinainguscio autophagycontributestothedeathsurvivalbalanceincancerphotodynamictherapy |
_version_ |
1716822741850521600 |