More fuel to the fire: some patients with non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity exhibit adaptive immunological responses in duodenal mucosa
Abstract Background In contrast to the well-characterized Celiac Disease (CD), the clinical scenarios encompassed by the non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity (NCSRWS) might be related to different antigens that trigger distinct immune-inflammatory reactions. Although an increased number of int...
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doaj-329d9f1a758546dca6df760891a4a63b2020-12-13T12:15:41ZengBMCBMC Gastroenterology1471-230X2020-12-0120111310.1186/s12876-020-01564-wMore fuel to the fire: some patients with non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity exhibit adaptive immunological responses in duodenal mucosaAntonia Isabel Castillo-Rodal0Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda1Mario Peláez-Luna2José Castro-Gómez3Yolanda López-Vidal4Luis Uscanga5Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoDepartment of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránDepartment of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránDepartment of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránDepartment of Microbiology and Parasitology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoDepartment of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránAbstract Background In contrast to the well-characterized Celiac Disease (CD), the clinical scenarios encompassed by the non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity (NCSRWS) might be related to different antigens that trigger distinct immune-inflammatory reactions. Although an increased number of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes is observed at the inception of both diseases, the subsequent immunopathogenic pathways seem to be different. We aimed to describe the cytokine profile observed in the duodenal mucosa of patients with NCSRWS. Methods In a blind, cross-sectional study, we included duodenal biopsies from 15 consecutive untreated patients with active CD, 9 individuals with NCSRWS and 10 subjects with dyspepsia without CD and food intolerances. Immunohistochemistry and flow-cytometry were used to determine the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokine expressing monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells involved in innate immune activation, cytokine-driven polarization and maintenance of Th1 and Th17/Th 22, and anti-inflammatory/profibrogenic cytokines. Results The percentage of cells expressing all tested cytokines in the lamina propria and the epithelium was higher in CD patients than in the control group. Cytokines that induce and maintain Th1 and Th17 polarization were higher in CD than in NCSRWS and controls, also were higher in NCSRWS compared to controls. Similar differences were detected in the expression of IL-4 and TGF-1, while IL-10-expressing cells were lower in NCSRWS patients than in controls and CD subjects. Conclusions NCSRWS patients exhibit components of both, innate and adaptive immune mechanisms but to a lesser extent compared to CD.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-020-01564-wCeliac diseaseNon-celiac gluten sensitivityNon-celiac wheat sensitivityIntraepithelial lymphocytesT cellsCytokines |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Antonia Isabel Castillo-Rodal Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda Mario Peláez-Luna José Castro-Gómez Yolanda López-Vidal Luis Uscanga |
spellingShingle |
Antonia Isabel Castillo-Rodal Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda Mario Peláez-Luna José Castro-Gómez Yolanda López-Vidal Luis Uscanga More fuel to the fire: some patients with non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity exhibit adaptive immunological responses in duodenal mucosa BMC Gastroenterology Celiac disease Non-celiac gluten sensitivity Non-celiac wheat sensitivity Intraepithelial lymphocytes T cells Cytokines |
author_facet |
Antonia Isabel Castillo-Rodal Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda Mario Peláez-Luna José Castro-Gómez Yolanda López-Vidal Luis Uscanga |
author_sort |
Antonia Isabel Castillo-Rodal |
title |
More fuel to the fire: some patients with non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity exhibit adaptive immunological responses in duodenal mucosa |
title_short |
More fuel to the fire: some patients with non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity exhibit adaptive immunological responses in duodenal mucosa |
title_full |
More fuel to the fire: some patients with non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity exhibit adaptive immunological responses in duodenal mucosa |
title_fullStr |
More fuel to the fire: some patients with non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity exhibit adaptive immunological responses in duodenal mucosa |
title_full_unstemmed |
More fuel to the fire: some patients with non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity exhibit adaptive immunological responses in duodenal mucosa |
title_sort |
more fuel to the fire: some patients with non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity exhibit adaptive immunological responses in duodenal mucosa |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Gastroenterology |
issn |
1471-230X |
publishDate |
2020-12-01 |
description |
Abstract Background In contrast to the well-characterized Celiac Disease (CD), the clinical scenarios encompassed by the non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity (NCSRWS) might be related to different antigens that trigger distinct immune-inflammatory reactions. Although an increased number of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes is observed at the inception of both diseases, the subsequent immunopathogenic pathways seem to be different. We aimed to describe the cytokine profile observed in the duodenal mucosa of patients with NCSRWS. Methods In a blind, cross-sectional study, we included duodenal biopsies from 15 consecutive untreated patients with active CD, 9 individuals with NCSRWS and 10 subjects with dyspepsia without CD and food intolerances. Immunohistochemistry and flow-cytometry were used to determine the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokine expressing monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells involved in innate immune activation, cytokine-driven polarization and maintenance of Th1 and Th17/Th 22, and anti-inflammatory/profibrogenic cytokines. Results The percentage of cells expressing all tested cytokines in the lamina propria and the epithelium was higher in CD patients than in the control group. Cytokines that induce and maintain Th1 and Th17 polarization were higher in CD than in NCSRWS and controls, also were higher in NCSRWS compared to controls. Similar differences were detected in the expression of IL-4 and TGF-1, while IL-10-expressing cells were lower in NCSRWS patients than in controls and CD subjects. Conclusions NCSRWS patients exhibit components of both, innate and adaptive immune mechanisms but to a lesser extent compared to CD. |
topic |
Celiac disease Non-celiac gluten sensitivity Non-celiac wheat sensitivity Intraepithelial lymphocytes T cells Cytokines |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-020-01564-w |
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