Wheat Encodes Small, Secreted Proteins That Contribute to Resistance to Septoria Tritici Blotch
During plant–pathogen interactions, pathogens secrete many rapidly evolving, small secreted proteins (SSPs) that can modify plant defense and permit pathogens to colonize plant tissue. The fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici is the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch (STB), one of the most impo...
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doaj-32bf41884cb343ada4dde97abd947f9c2020-11-25T03:02:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212020-05-011110.3389/fgene.2020.00469537573Wheat Encodes Small, Secreted Proteins That Contribute to Resistance to Septoria Tritici BlotchBinbin Zhou0Harriet R. Benbow1Ciarán J. Brennan2Chanemougasoundharam Arunachalam3Sujit J. Karki4Ewen Mullins5Angela Feechan6James I. Burke7Fiona M. Doohan8UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Earth Institute, UCD O’Brien Centre for Science (East), University College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandUCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Earth Institute, UCD O’Brien Centre for Science (East), University College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandUCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Earth Institute, UCD O’Brien Centre for Science (East), University College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandUCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Earth Institute, UCD O’Brien Centre for Science (East), University College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandUCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandDepartment of Crop Science, Teagasc, Carlow, IrelandUCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandUCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandUCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Earth Institute, UCD O’Brien Centre for Science (East), University College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandDuring plant–pathogen interactions, pathogens secrete many rapidly evolving, small secreted proteins (SSPs) that can modify plant defense and permit pathogens to colonize plant tissue. The fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici is the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch (STB), one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat, globally. Z. tritici is a strictly apoplastic pathogen that can secrete numerous proteins into the apoplast of wheat leaves to promote infection. We sought to determine if, during STB infection, wheat also secretes small proteins into the apoplast to mediate the recognition of pathogen proteins and/or induce defense responses. To explore this, we developed an SSP-discovery pipeline to identify small, secreted proteins from wheat genomic data. Using this pipeline, we identified 6,998 SSPs, representing 2.3% of all proteins encoded by the wheat genome. We then mined a microarray dataset, detailing a resistant and susceptible host response to STB, and identified 141 Z. tritici- responsive SSPs, representing 4.7% of all proteins encoded by Z. tritici – responsive genes. We demonstrate that a subset of these SSPs have a functional signal peptide and can interact with Z. tritici SSPs. Transiently silencing two of these wheat SSPs using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) shows an increase in susceptibility to STB, confirming their role in defense against Z. tritici.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2020.00469/fullSeptoria tritici blotch (STB)Zymoseptoria triticismall secreted proteins (SSPs)wheat disease resistanceapoplastic proteinsprotein secretion |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Binbin Zhou Harriet R. Benbow Ciarán J. Brennan Chanemougasoundharam Arunachalam Sujit J. Karki Ewen Mullins Angela Feechan James I. Burke Fiona M. Doohan |
spellingShingle |
Binbin Zhou Harriet R. Benbow Ciarán J. Brennan Chanemougasoundharam Arunachalam Sujit J. Karki Ewen Mullins Angela Feechan James I. Burke Fiona M. Doohan Wheat Encodes Small, Secreted Proteins That Contribute to Resistance to Septoria Tritici Blotch Frontiers in Genetics Septoria tritici blotch (STB) Zymoseptoria tritici small secreted proteins (SSPs) wheat disease resistance apoplastic proteins protein secretion |
author_facet |
Binbin Zhou Harriet R. Benbow Ciarán J. Brennan Chanemougasoundharam Arunachalam Sujit J. Karki Ewen Mullins Angela Feechan James I. Burke Fiona M. Doohan |
author_sort |
Binbin Zhou |
title |
Wheat Encodes Small, Secreted Proteins That Contribute to Resistance to Septoria Tritici Blotch |
title_short |
Wheat Encodes Small, Secreted Proteins That Contribute to Resistance to Septoria Tritici Blotch |
title_full |
Wheat Encodes Small, Secreted Proteins That Contribute to Resistance to Septoria Tritici Blotch |
title_fullStr |
Wheat Encodes Small, Secreted Proteins That Contribute to Resistance to Septoria Tritici Blotch |
title_full_unstemmed |
Wheat Encodes Small, Secreted Proteins That Contribute to Resistance to Septoria Tritici Blotch |
title_sort |
wheat encodes small, secreted proteins that contribute to resistance to septoria tritici blotch |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Genetics |
issn |
1664-8021 |
publishDate |
2020-05-01 |
description |
During plant–pathogen interactions, pathogens secrete many rapidly evolving, small secreted proteins (SSPs) that can modify plant defense and permit pathogens to colonize plant tissue. The fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici is the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch (STB), one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat, globally. Z. tritici is a strictly apoplastic pathogen that can secrete numerous proteins into the apoplast of wheat leaves to promote infection. We sought to determine if, during STB infection, wheat also secretes small proteins into the apoplast to mediate the recognition of pathogen proteins and/or induce defense responses. To explore this, we developed an SSP-discovery pipeline to identify small, secreted proteins from wheat genomic data. Using this pipeline, we identified 6,998 SSPs, representing 2.3% of all proteins encoded by the wheat genome. We then mined a microarray dataset, detailing a resistant and susceptible host response to STB, and identified 141 Z. tritici- responsive SSPs, representing 4.7% of all proteins encoded by Z. tritici – responsive genes. We demonstrate that a subset of these SSPs have a functional signal peptide and can interact with Z. tritici SSPs. Transiently silencing two of these wheat SSPs using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) shows an increase in susceptibility to STB, confirming their role in defense against Z. tritici. |
topic |
Septoria tritici blotch (STB) Zymoseptoria tritici small secreted proteins (SSPs) wheat disease resistance apoplastic proteins protein secretion |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2020.00469/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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