Enhanced Flexibility of Biodegradable Polylactic Acid/Starch Blends Using Epoxidized Palm Oil as Plasticizer
The brittleness of polylactic acid (PLA) has always limited its usage, although it has good mechanical strength. In this study, flexibility of PLA/starch (PSt) blend was enhanced using epoxidized palm oil (EPO) as the green plasticizer. The PLA/starch/EPO (PSE) blends were prepared while using the s...
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doaj-333b5ffc48cf4ed8a944d47aed1ce5c62020-11-24T20:44:24ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602018-09-0110997710.3390/polym10090977polym10090977Enhanced Flexibility of Biodegradable Polylactic Acid/Starch Blends Using Epoxidized Palm Oil as PlasticizerRaina Jama Awale0Fathilah Binti Ali1Azlin Suhaida Azmi2Noor Illi Mohamad Puad3Hazleen Anuar4Azman Hassan5Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, MalaysiaThe brittleness of polylactic acid (PLA) has always limited its usage, although it has good mechanical strength. In this study, flexibility of PLA/starch (PSt) blend was enhanced using epoxidized palm oil (EPO) as the green plasticizer. The PLA/starch/EPO (PSE) blends were prepared while using the solution casting method by fixing the content of starch and varying ratio of EPO. The thermal properties, such as glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm), and crystallization temperature (Tcc) were decreased by increasing the amount of EPO into PSt, indicating that EPO increases the chain mobility. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that thermal degradation resistance of PSE was higher when compared to PSt. The mechanical testing revealed that EPO at all contents improved the mechanical properties, such as increment of the elongation-at-break and impact strength. Whereas, dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the addition of filler into PLA decreased the storage modulus of PLA. The carbonyl group of the aliphatic ester remained the same in the PSE blends. The morphological study verified the ductility of PSE blends surface when compared to the brittle surface of PSt. As for the soil burial tests, EPO accelerated the degradation of blends. From these results, it can be concluded that EPO improved the flexibility of PLA blends.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/10/9/977polylactic acidbiodegradablestarchepoxidized palm oilsolution castinggreen plasticizer |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Raina Jama Awale Fathilah Binti Ali Azlin Suhaida Azmi Noor Illi Mohamad Puad Hazleen Anuar Azman Hassan |
spellingShingle |
Raina Jama Awale Fathilah Binti Ali Azlin Suhaida Azmi Noor Illi Mohamad Puad Hazleen Anuar Azman Hassan Enhanced Flexibility of Biodegradable Polylactic Acid/Starch Blends Using Epoxidized Palm Oil as Plasticizer Polymers polylactic acid biodegradable starch epoxidized palm oil solution casting green plasticizer |
author_facet |
Raina Jama Awale Fathilah Binti Ali Azlin Suhaida Azmi Noor Illi Mohamad Puad Hazleen Anuar Azman Hassan |
author_sort |
Raina Jama Awale |
title |
Enhanced Flexibility of Biodegradable Polylactic Acid/Starch Blends Using Epoxidized Palm Oil as Plasticizer |
title_short |
Enhanced Flexibility of Biodegradable Polylactic Acid/Starch Blends Using Epoxidized Palm Oil as Plasticizer |
title_full |
Enhanced Flexibility of Biodegradable Polylactic Acid/Starch Blends Using Epoxidized Palm Oil as Plasticizer |
title_fullStr |
Enhanced Flexibility of Biodegradable Polylactic Acid/Starch Blends Using Epoxidized Palm Oil as Plasticizer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Enhanced Flexibility of Biodegradable Polylactic Acid/Starch Blends Using Epoxidized Palm Oil as Plasticizer |
title_sort |
enhanced flexibility of biodegradable polylactic acid/starch blends using epoxidized palm oil as plasticizer |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2018-09-01 |
description |
The brittleness of polylactic acid (PLA) has always limited its usage, although it has good mechanical strength. In this study, flexibility of PLA/starch (PSt) blend was enhanced using epoxidized palm oil (EPO) as the green plasticizer. The PLA/starch/EPO (PSE) blends were prepared while using the solution casting method by fixing the content of starch and varying ratio of EPO. The thermal properties, such as glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm), and crystallization temperature (Tcc) were decreased by increasing the amount of EPO into PSt, indicating that EPO increases the chain mobility. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that thermal degradation resistance of PSE was higher when compared to PSt. The mechanical testing revealed that EPO at all contents improved the mechanical properties, such as increment of the elongation-at-break and impact strength. Whereas, dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the addition of filler into PLA decreased the storage modulus of PLA. The carbonyl group of the aliphatic ester remained the same in the PSE blends. The morphological study verified the ductility of PSE blends surface when compared to the brittle surface of PSt. As for the soil burial tests, EPO accelerated the degradation of blends. From these results, it can be concluded that EPO improved the flexibility of PLA blends. |
topic |
polylactic acid biodegradable starch epoxidized palm oil solution casting green plasticizer |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/10/9/977 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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