Onchocerciasis: the pre-control association between prevalence of palpable nodules and skin microfilariae.
The prospect of eliminating onchocerciasis from Africa by mass treatment with ivermectin has been rejuvenated following recent successes in foci in Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Elimination prospects depend strongly on local transmission conditions and therefore on pre-control infection levels. Pre-con...
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doaj-334a536a92544ea6bd1f4c6a6035b9922020-11-24T20:47:02ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352013-01-0174e216810.1371/journal.pntd.0002168Onchocerciasis: the pre-control association between prevalence of palpable nodules and skin microfilariae.Luc E CoffengSébastien D S PionSimon O'HanlonSimon CousensAdenike O AbiosePeter U FischerJan H F RemmeK Yankum DadzieMichele E MurdochSake J de VlasMaría-Gloria BasáñezWilma A StolkMichel BoussinesqThe prospect of eliminating onchocerciasis from Africa by mass treatment with ivermectin has been rejuvenated following recent successes in foci in Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Elimination prospects depend strongly on local transmission conditions and therefore on pre-control infection levels. Pre-control infection levels in Africa have been mapped largely by means of nodule palpation of adult males, a relatively crude method for detecting infection. We investigated how informative pre-control nodule prevalence data are for estimating the pre-control prevalence of microfilariae (mf) in the skin and discuss implications for assessing elimination prospects.We analyzed published data on pre-control nodule prevalence in males aged ≥ 20 years and mf prevalence in the population aged ≥ 5 years from 148 African villages. A meta-analysis was performed by means of Bayesian hierarchical multivariate logistic regression, accounting for measurement error in mf and nodule prevalence, bioclimatic zones, and other geographical variation. There was a strong positive correlation between nodule prevalence in adult males and mf prevalence in the general population. In the forest-savanna mosaic area, the pattern in nodule and mf prevalence differed significantly from that in the savanna or forest areas.We provide a tool to convert pre-control nodule prevalence in adult males to mf prevalence in the general population, allowing historical data to be interpreted in terms of elimination prospects and disease burden of onchocerciasis. Furthermore, we identified significant geographical variation in mf prevalence and nodule prevalence patterns warranting further investigation of geographical differences in transmission patterns of onchocerciasis.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3623701?pdf=render |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Luc E Coffeng Sébastien D S Pion Simon O'Hanlon Simon Cousens Adenike O Abiose Peter U Fischer Jan H F Remme K Yankum Dadzie Michele E Murdoch Sake J de Vlas María-Gloria Basáñez Wilma A Stolk Michel Boussinesq |
spellingShingle |
Luc E Coffeng Sébastien D S Pion Simon O'Hanlon Simon Cousens Adenike O Abiose Peter U Fischer Jan H F Remme K Yankum Dadzie Michele E Murdoch Sake J de Vlas María-Gloria Basáñez Wilma A Stolk Michel Boussinesq Onchocerciasis: the pre-control association between prevalence of palpable nodules and skin microfilariae. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
author_facet |
Luc E Coffeng Sébastien D S Pion Simon O'Hanlon Simon Cousens Adenike O Abiose Peter U Fischer Jan H F Remme K Yankum Dadzie Michele E Murdoch Sake J de Vlas María-Gloria Basáñez Wilma A Stolk Michel Boussinesq |
author_sort |
Luc E Coffeng |
title |
Onchocerciasis: the pre-control association between prevalence of palpable nodules and skin microfilariae. |
title_short |
Onchocerciasis: the pre-control association between prevalence of palpable nodules and skin microfilariae. |
title_full |
Onchocerciasis: the pre-control association between prevalence of palpable nodules and skin microfilariae. |
title_fullStr |
Onchocerciasis: the pre-control association between prevalence of palpable nodules and skin microfilariae. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Onchocerciasis: the pre-control association between prevalence of palpable nodules and skin microfilariae. |
title_sort |
onchocerciasis: the pre-control association between prevalence of palpable nodules and skin microfilariae. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
issn |
1935-2727 1935-2735 |
publishDate |
2013-01-01 |
description |
The prospect of eliminating onchocerciasis from Africa by mass treatment with ivermectin has been rejuvenated following recent successes in foci in Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Elimination prospects depend strongly on local transmission conditions and therefore on pre-control infection levels. Pre-control infection levels in Africa have been mapped largely by means of nodule palpation of adult males, a relatively crude method for detecting infection. We investigated how informative pre-control nodule prevalence data are for estimating the pre-control prevalence of microfilariae (mf) in the skin and discuss implications for assessing elimination prospects.We analyzed published data on pre-control nodule prevalence in males aged ≥ 20 years and mf prevalence in the population aged ≥ 5 years from 148 African villages. A meta-analysis was performed by means of Bayesian hierarchical multivariate logistic regression, accounting for measurement error in mf and nodule prevalence, bioclimatic zones, and other geographical variation. There was a strong positive correlation between nodule prevalence in adult males and mf prevalence in the general population. In the forest-savanna mosaic area, the pattern in nodule and mf prevalence differed significantly from that in the savanna or forest areas.We provide a tool to convert pre-control nodule prevalence in adult males to mf prevalence in the general population, allowing historical data to be interpreted in terms of elimination prospects and disease burden of onchocerciasis. Furthermore, we identified significant geographical variation in mf prevalence and nodule prevalence patterns warranting further investigation of geographical differences in transmission patterns of onchocerciasis. |
url |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3623701?pdf=render |
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