Geographical Variability in Mortality in Urban Areas: A Joint Analysis of 16 Causes of Death
The geographical distribution of mortality has frequently been studied. Nevertheless, those studies often consider isolated causes of death. In this work, we aim to study the geographical distribution of mortality in urban areas, in particular, in 26 Spanish cities. We perform an overall study of 16...
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doaj-3362f1b8f24142d2ba7ce202e61b7c292021-06-01T01:06:30ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012021-05-01185664566410.3390/ijerph18115664Geographical Variability in Mortality in Urban Areas: A Joint Analysis of 16 Causes of DeathMiguel A. Martinez-Beneito0Carlos Vergara-Hernández1Paloma Botella-Rocamora2Francisca Corpas-Burgos3Jordi Pérez-Panadés4Óscar Zurriaga5Elena Aldasoro6Carme Borrell7Elena Cabeza8Lluís Cirera9Josu Delfrade Osinaga10Ana Fernández-Somoano11Ana Gandarillas12Pedro L. Lorenzo Ruano13Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo14Andreu Nolasco15M. Dolores Prieto-Salceda16Rebeca Ramis17Maica Rodríguez-Sanz18Pablo Sánchez-Villegas19the MEDEA3 Project GroupDepartament d’Estadística e Investigaciò Opertiva, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, SpainFISABIO Foundation, 46020 Valencia, SpainDirección General de Salut Pública i Adiccions, Conselleria de Sanitat Universal y Salut Pública, 46020 Valencia, SpainCIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, SpainDirección General de Salut Pública i Adiccions, Conselleria de Sanitat Universal y Salut Pública, 46020 Valencia, SpainCIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, SpainDirección de Salud Pública y Adicciones, 48013 Bilbao, SpainCIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, SpainInstitut d’investigació sanitària de les Illes Balears, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, SpainCIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, SpainCIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, SpainCIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, SpainConsejeria de Sanidad, 28035 Madrid, SpainServicio Canario de Salud, 35018 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainCIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, SpainUniversidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, SpainFundación Marqués de Valdecilla-Observatorio de Salud Pública de Cantabria, 39008 Santander, SpainCIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, SpainCIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, SpainEscuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, SpainThe geographical distribution of mortality has frequently been studied. Nevertheless, those studies often consider isolated causes of death. In this work, we aim to study the geographical distribution of mortality in urban areas, in particular, in 26 Spanish cities. We perform an overall study of 16 causes of death, considering that their geographical patterns could be dependent and estimating the dependence between the causes of death. We study the deaths in these 26 cities during the period 1996–2015 at the census tract level. A multivariate disease mapping model is used in order to solve the potential small area estimation problems that these data could show. We find that most of the geographical patterns found show positive correlations. This suggests the existence of a transversal geographical pattern, common to most causes of deaths, which determines those patterns to a higher/lower extent depending on each disease. The causes of death that exhibit that underlying pattern in a more prominent manner are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and cirrhosis for men and cardiovascular diseases and dementias for women. Such findings are quite consistent for most of the cities in the study. The high positive correlation found between geographical patterns reflects the existence of both high and low-risk areas in urban settings, in general terms for nearly all the causes of death. Moreover, the high-risk areas found often coincide with neighborhoods known for their high deprivation. Our results suggest that dependence among causes of death is a key aspect to be taken into account when mapping mortality, at least in urban contexts.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/11/5664mortalityurban areasgeographical inequalitiesmultivariate disease mapping |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Miguel A. Martinez-Beneito Carlos Vergara-Hernández Paloma Botella-Rocamora Francisca Corpas-Burgos Jordi Pérez-Panadés Óscar Zurriaga Elena Aldasoro Carme Borrell Elena Cabeza Lluís Cirera Josu Delfrade Osinaga Ana Fernández-Somoano Ana Gandarillas Pedro L. Lorenzo Ruano Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo Andreu Nolasco M. Dolores Prieto-Salceda Rebeca Ramis Maica Rodríguez-Sanz Pablo Sánchez-Villegas the MEDEA3 Project Group |
spellingShingle |
Miguel A. Martinez-Beneito Carlos Vergara-Hernández Paloma Botella-Rocamora Francisca Corpas-Burgos Jordi Pérez-Panadés Óscar Zurriaga Elena Aldasoro Carme Borrell Elena Cabeza Lluís Cirera Josu Delfrade Osinaga Ana Fernández-Somoano Ana Gandarillas Pedro L. Lorenzo Ruano Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo Andreu Nolasco M. Dolores Prieto-Salceda Rebeca Ramis Maica Rodríguez-Sanz Pablo Sánchez-Villegas the MEDEA3 Project Group Geographical Variability in Mortality in Urban Areas: A Joint Analysis of 16 Causes of Death International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health mortality urban areas geographical inequalities multivariate disease mapping |
author_facet |
Miguel A. Martinez-Beneito Carlos Vergara-Hernández Paloma Botella-Rocamora Francisca Corpas-Burgos Jordi Pérez-Panadés Óscar Zurriaga Elena Aldasoro Carme Borrell Elena Cabeza Lluís Cirera Josu Delfrade Osinaga Ana Fernández-Somoano Ana Gandarillas Pedro L. Lorenzo Ruano Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo Andreu Nolasco M. Dolores Prieto-Salceda Rebeca Ramis Maica Rodríguez-Sanz Pablo Sánchez-Villegas the MEDEA3 Project Group |
author_sort |
Miguel A. Martinez-Beneito |
title |
Geographical Variability in Mortality in Urban Areas: A Joint Analysis of 16 Causes of Death |
title_short |
Geographical Variability in Mortality in Urban Areas: A Joint Analysis of 16 Causes of Death |
title_full |
Geographical Variability in Mortality in Urban Areas: A Joint Analysis of 16 Causes of Death |
title_fullStr |
Geographical Variability in Mortality in Urban Areas: A Joint Analysis of 16 Causes of Death |
title_full_unstemmed |
Geographical Variability in Mortality in Urban Areas: A Joint Analysis of 16 Causes of Death |
title_sort |
geographical variability in mortality in urban areas: a joint analysis of 16 causes of death |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1661-7827 1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
The geographical distribution of mortality has frequently been studied. Nevertheless, those studies often consider isolated causes of death. In this work, we aim to study the geographical distribution of mortality in urban areas, in particular, in 26 Spanish cities. We perform an overall study of 16 causes of death, considering that their geographical patterns could be dependent and estimating the dependence between the causes of death. We study the deaths in these 26 cities during the period 1996–2015 at the census tract level. A multivariate disease mapping model is used in order to solve the potential small area estimation problems that these data could show. We find that most of the geographical patterns found show positive correlations. This suggests the existence of a transversal geographical pattern, common to most causes of deaths, which determines those patterns to a higher/lower extent depending on each disease. The causes of death that exhibit that underlying pattern in a more prominent manner are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and cirrhosis for men and cardiovascular diseases and dementias for women. Such findings are quite consistent for most of the cities in the study. The high positive correlation found between geographical patterns reflects the existence of both high and low-risk areas in urban settings, in general terms for nearly all the causes of death. Moreover, the high-risk areas found often coincide with neighborhoods known for their high deprivation. Our results suggest that dependence among causes of death is a key aspect to be taken into account when mapping mortality, at least in urban contexts. |
topic |
mortality urban areas geographical inequalities multivariate disease mapping |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/11/5664 |
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