The Politics of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) Post-Reformation 1998

• Main Author: Aditya Perdana
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Universitas Indonesia 2016-01-01
• Series: Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi
• Subjects: civil society organizations; democracy; political party
• Online Access: http://journal.ui.ac.id/index.php/mjs/article/view/4748

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Meskipun OMS memanfaatkan kesempatan&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">politik tersebut, OMS menghadapi tantangan serius dalam arena politik yaitu fragmentasi&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">kelompok masyarakat sipil dalam mendorong berbagai perubahan dan reformasi kebijakan&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">dan tidak adanya dukungan perubahan struktur budaya politik yang masih mewarisi&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">hubungan patronase diantara para aktor. Studi ini memperkuat argumen dari Aspinall&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(2013a) dan Mietzner (2013) dalam hal memanfaatkan kesempatan politik paska Reformasi&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">dan tantangan serta respon OMS dalam struktur warisan politik rejim Suharto di&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">dua arena politik: pembuatan kebijakan dan politik elektoral. OMS di Indonesia mengalami&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ketidaksolidan dan lemah dalam mendorong isu-isu perubahan dalam pembentukan&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">kebijakan di DPR dan lemahnya dukungan politik elektoral bagi pemenangan kandidat&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">dari kelompok OMS di semua pemilihan umum.Untuk mendapatkan data yang terkait&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">aktivitas politik OMS dalam ranah pembuatan undang-undang serta partisipasi politik&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">aktor OMS dalam pemilu, studi ini menggunakan metode pelacakan proses.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">After the Reformation (reformasi) in 1998, some civil society organizations (CSOs) have&nbsp;</span></span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">endorsed policy changes from outside the government and have involved in many ministries&rsquo;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">assistance team to implement government&rsquo;s development programs. These CSOs&rsquo;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">political action changes from outside to become inside the government are caused by the&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">openness of political opportunity from political regime after Reformasi. Even though&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">CSOs have used these political opportunities, these organizations faced seriously challenges&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">in political field such as the fragmented of CSOs to endorse many policy reform&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">and changes. In addition, there is lack of supporting changes in political culture structures&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">which are still continuing patronage relations legacies among political actors. This&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">study strengthens Aspinall (2013a) and Mietzner (2013) arguments about how the CSOs&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">take political opportunity after Reformasi and their challenges and response in order to&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">adapt in Suharto&rsquo;s political legacy in two political arenas: the policy making process and&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">electoral politics.&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">Moreover, Indonesian CSOs are fragmented and weakened for endorsing some progressive&nbsp;</span></span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">issues in law making process in the House and their weakness to gain electoral support for&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">winning the CSOs candidates in election. To gather relevant data about CSOs political&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">activities in these arenas, this study applies process tracing method. The study&rsquo;s findings&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">confirm that even though there is more openness on political opportunity to participate&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">in political arena, however, it seems that there are no supporting changes in political&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">structures which are patronage relations among political actors. 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