Faecal microbiota transplantation: Where did it start? What have studies taught us? Where is it going?
The composition and activity of microorganisms in the gut, the microbiome, is emerging as an important factor to consider with regard to the treatment of many diseases. Dysbiosis of the normal community has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, diabetes and, most notoriousl...
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doaj-34503202797145439d9e6f57171720192020-11-25T03:16:40ZengSAGE PublishingSAGE Open Medicine2050-31212017-05-01510.1177/205031211770871210.1177_2050312117708712Faecal microbiota transplantation: Where did it start? What have studies taught us? Where is it going?Ryan M Chanyi0Laura Craven1Brandon Harvey2Gregor Reid3Michael J Silverman4Jeremy P Burton5Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, CanadaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, CanadaSchulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, CanadaCanadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, CanadaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, CanadaCanadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, CanadaThe composition and activity of microorganisms in the gut, the microbiome, is emerging as an important factor to consider with regard to the treatment of many diseases. Dysbiosis of the normal community has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, diabetes and, most notoriously, Clostridium difficile infection. In Canada, the leading treatment strategy for recalcitrant C. difficile infection is to receive faecal material which by nature is filled with microorganisms and their metabolites, from a healthy individual, known as a faecal microbiota transplantation. This influx of bacteria into the gut helps to restore the microbiota to a healthy state, preventing C. difficile from causing further disease. Much of what is known with respect to the microbiota and faecal microbiota transplantation comes from animal studies simulating the human disease. Although these models allow researchers to perform studies that would be difficult in humans, they do not always recapitulate the human microbiome. This makes the translation of these results to humans somewhat questionable. The purpose of this review is to analyse these animal models and discuss the advantages and the disadvantages of them in relation to human translation. By understanding some of the limitation of animal models, we will be better able to design and perform experiments of most relevance to human applications.https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312117708712 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ryan M Chanyi Laura Craven Brandon Harvey Gregor Reid Michael J Silverman Jeremy P Burton |
spellingShingle |
Ryan M Chanyi Laura Craven Brandon Harvey Gregor Reid Michael J Silverman Jeremy P Burton Faecal microbiota transplantation: Where did it start? What have studies taught us? Where is it going? SAGE Open Medicine |
author_facet |
Ryan M Chanyi Laura Craven Brandon Harvey Gregor Reid Michael J Silverman Jeremy P Burton |
author_sort |
Ryan M Chanyi |
title |
Faecal microbiota transplantation: Where did it start? What have studies taught us? Where is it going? |
title_short |
Faecal microbiota transplantation: Where did it start? What have studies taught us? Where is it going? |
title_full |
Faecal microbiota transplantation: Where did it start? What have studies taught us? Where is it going? |
title_fullStr |
Faecal microbiota transplantation: Where did it start? What have studies taught us? Where is it going? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Faecal microbiota transplantation: Where did it start? What have studies taught us? Where is it going? |
title_sort |
faecal microbiota transplantation: where did it start? what have studies taught us? where is it going? |
publisher |
SAGE Publishing |
series |
SAGE Open Medicine |
issn |
2050-3121 |
publishDate |
2017-05-01 |
description |
The composition and activity of microorganisms in the gut, the microbiome, is emerging as an important factor to consider with regard to the treatment of many diseases. Dysbiosis of the normal community has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, diabetes and, most notoriously, Clostridium difficile infection. In Canada, the leading treatment strategy for recalcitrant C. difficile infection is to receive faecal material which by nature is filled with microorganisms and their metabolites, from a healthy individual, known as a faecal microbiota transplantation. This influx of bacteria into the gut helps to restore the microbiota to a healthy state, preventing C. difficile from causing further disease. Much of what is known with respect to the microbiota and faecal microbiota transplantation comes from animal studies simulating the human disease. Although these models allow researchers to perform studies that would be difficult in humans, they do not always recapitulate the human microbiome. This makes the translation of these results to humans somewhat questionable. The purpose of this review is to analyse these animal models and discuss the advantages and the disadvantages of them in relation to human translation. By understanding some of the limitation of animal models, we will be better able to design and perform experiments of most relevance to human applications. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312117708712 |
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