Roles of Hardened Husks and Membranes Surrounding <i>Brachypodium hybridum</i> Grains on Germination and Seedling Growth
Several studies have assessed the function and significance of the presence of dead, hardened husks on germination and seedling growth in several grass species and reached to inconsistent results. Here, we assess the roles of husks (dead lemma and palea) and an inner membrane surrounding the grains...
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doaj-349e37240fca4880a0eda3d69645a6f22020-11-25T01:39:01ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472019-09-018932210.3390/plants8090322plants8090322Roles of Hardened Husks and Membranes Surrounding <i>Brachypodium hybridum</i> Grains on Germination and Seedling GrowthAli El-Keblawy0Masarra Elgabra1Kareem A. Mosa2Amal Fakhry3Sameh Soliman4Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO Box 27272, UAEDepartment of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO Box 27272, UAEDepartment of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO Box 27272, UAEDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, EgyptDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO Box 27272, UAESeveral studies have assessed the function and significance of the presence of dead, hardened husks on germination and seedling growth in several grass species and reached to inconsistent results. Here, we assess the roles of husks (dead lemma and palea) and an inner membrane surrounding the grains on germination behaviour and seedling growth of <i>Brachypodium hybridum</i>, one of three species of the genetic model <i>B. distachyon</i> complex, in an arid mountain of Arabia. The interactive effects between temperature and the incubation light were assessed on germination of husked and dehusked-demembraned grains. Germination and seedling growth were assessed for different combinations of grain treatments (soaked and non-soaked husked, dehusked-membraned and dehusked-demembraned). Dehusked-demembraned grains were also germinated in different dormancy regulating compounds (DRCs) and light qualities (light, dark and different red: far red [R: FR] ratios). The results indicated an insignificant difference between husked and dehusked-membraned grains on final germination and the germination rate index (GRI), with the former producing significantly bigger seedlings. Removal of the inner-membrane resulted in a significant reduction in all traits. Soaking grains in water resulted in significant enhancements in germination and seedling growth of only husked grains. Husked-membraned and demembraned grains germinated more significantly and faster at lower rather than higher temperatures. None of different concentrations of several DRCs succeeded in enhancing final germination of dehusked-demembraned grains. Red-rich light significantly enhanced germination of dehusked-membraned grains in comparison to other light qualities. It could be concluded that the role of husks is to mainly enhance seedling growth, while the major role of the membrane is to increase final germination. The ability of red-rich light in enhancing the germination of dehusked-membraned but not dehusked-demembraned grains suggest a role for the inner membrane in regulating dormancy through differential filtering of light properties.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/9/322<i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> complexdormancy regulating compoundsgrain dormancygrasseshardened huskslight quality |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ali El-Keblawy Masarra Elgabra Kareem A. Mosa Amal Fakhry Sameh Soliman |
spellingShingle |
Ali El-Keblawy Masarra Elgabra Kareem A. Mosa Amal Fakhry Sameh Soliman Roles of Hardened Husks and Membranes Surrounding <i>Brachypodium hybridum</i> Grains on Germination and Seedling Growth Plants <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> complex dormancy regulating compounds grain dormancy grasses hardened husks light quality |
author_facet |
Ali El-Keblawy Masarra Elgabra Kareem A. Mosa Amal Fakhry Sameh Soliman |
author_sort |
Ali El-Keblawy |
title |
Roles of Hardened Husks and Membranes Surrounding <i>Brachypodium hybridum</i> Grains on Germination and Seedling Growth |
title_short |
Roles of Hardened Husks and Membranes Surrounding <i>Brachypodium hybridum</i> Grains on Germination and Seedling Growth |
title_full |
Roles of Hardened Husks and Membranes Surrounding <i>Brachypodium hybridum</i> Grains on Germination and Seedling Growth |
title_fullStr |
Roles of Hardened Husks and Membranes Surrounding <i>Brachypodium hybridum</i> Grains on Germination and Seedling Growth |
title_full_unstemmed |
Roles of Hardened Husks and Membranes Surrounding <i>Brachypodium hybridum</i> Grains on Germination and Seedling Growth |
title_sort |
roles of hardened husks and membranes surrounding <i>brachypodium hybridum</i> grains on germination and seedling growth |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Plants |
issn |
2223-7747 |
publishDate |
2019-09-01 |
description |
Several studies have assessed the function and significance of the presence of dead, hardened husks on germination and seedling growth in several grass species and reached to inconsistent results. Here, we assess the roles of husks (dead lemma and palea) and an inner membrane surrounding the grains on germination behaviour and seedling growth of <i>Brachypodium hybridum</i>, one of three species of the genetic model <i>B. distachyon</i> complex, in an arid mountain of Arabia. The interactive effects between temperature and the incubation light were assessed on germination of husked and dehusked-demembraned grains. Germination and seedling growth were assessed for different combinations of grain treatments (soaked and non-soaked husked, dehusked-membraned and dehusked-demembraned). Dehusked-demembraned grains were also germinated in different dormancy regulating compounds (DRCs) and light qualities (light, dark and different red: far red [R: FR] ratios). The results indicated an insignificant difference between husked and dehusked-membraned grains on final germination and the germination rate index (GRI), with the former producing significantly bigger seedlings. Removal of the inner-membrane resulted in a significant reduction in all traits. Soaking grains in water resulted in significant enhancements in germination and seedling growth of only husked grains. Husked-membraned and demembraned grains germinated more significantly and faster at lower rather than higher temperatures. None of different concentrations of several DRCs succeeded in enhancing final germination of dehusked-demembraned grains. Red-rich light significantly enhanced germination of dehusked-membraned grains in comparison to other light qualities. It could be concluded that the role of husks is to mainly enhance seedling growth, while the major role of the membrane is to increase final germination. The ability of red-rich light in enhancing the germination of dehusked-membraned but not dehusked-demembraned grains suggest a role for the inner membrane in regulating dormancy through differential filtering of light properties. |
topic |
<i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> complex dormancy regulating compounds grain dormancy grasses hardened husks light quality |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/9/322 |
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