Extensins: Self-Assembly, Crosslinking, and the Role of Peroxidases
The extensin (EXT) network is elaborated by the covalent intermolecular crosslinking of EXT glycoprotein monomers, and its proper assembly is important for numerous aspects of basic wall architecture and cellular defense. In this review, we discuss new advances in the secretion of EXT monomers and t...
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doaj-34a125dbd3b14d87bf48336582875e822021-05-14T05:28:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2021-05-011210.3389/fpls.2021.664738664738Extensins: Self-Assembly, Crosslinking, and the Role of PeroxidasesJohn W. Mishler-Elmore0Yadi Zhou1Abhijit Sukul2Mercedes Oblak3Li Tan4Ahmed Faik5Ahmed Faik6Michael A. Held7Michael A. Held8Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United StatesDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United StatesDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United StatesDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United StatesComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesInterdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United StatesDepartment of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United StatesDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United StatesInterdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United StatesThe extensin (EXT) network is elaborated by the covalent intermolecular crosslinking of EXT glycoprotein monomers, and its proper assembly is important for numerous aspects of basic wall architecture and cellular defense. In this review, we discuss new advances in the secretion of EXT monomers and the molecular drivers of EXT network self-assembly. Many of the functions of EXTs are conferred through covalent crosslinking into the wall, so we also discuss the different types of known intermolecular crosslinks, the enzymes that are involved, as well as the potential for additional crosslinks that are yet to be identified. EXTs also function in wall architecture independent of crosslinking status, and therefore, we explore the role of non-crosslinking EXTs. As EXT crosslinking is upregulated in response to wounding and pathogen infection, we discuss a potential regulatory mechanism to control covalent crosslinking and its relationship to the subcellular localization of the crosslinking enzymes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.664738/fullextensinglycoproteinperoxidasecrosslinkingself-assembly |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
John W. Mishler-Elmore Yadi Zhou Abhijit Sukul Mercedes Oblak Li Tan Ahmed Faik Ahmed Faik Michael A. Held Michael A. Held |
spellingShingle |
John W. Mishler-Elmore Yadi Zhou Abhijit Sukul Mercedes Oblak Li Tan Ahmed Faik Ahmed Faik Michael A. Held Michael A. Held Extensins: Self-Assembly, Crosslinking, and the Role of Peroxidases Frontiers in Plant Science extensin glycoprotein peroxidase crosslinking self-assembly |
author_facet |
John W. Mishler-Elmore Yadi Zhou Abhijit Sukul Mercedes Oblak Li Tan Ahmed Faik Ahmed Faik Michael A. Held Michael A. Held |
author_sort |
John W. Mishler-Elmore |
title |
Extensins: Self-Assembly, Crosslinking, and the Role of Peroxidases |
title_short |
Extensins: Self-Assembly, Crosslinking, and the Role of Peroxidases |
title_full |
Extensins: Self-Assembly, Crosslinking, and the Role of Peroxidases |
title_fullStr |
Extensins: Self-Assembly, Crosslinking, and the Role of Peroxidases |
title_full_unstemmed |
Extensins: Self-Assembly, Crosslinking, and the Role of Peroxidases |
title_sort |
extensins: self-assembly, crosslinking, and the role of peroxidases |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Plant Science |
issn |
1664-462X |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
The extensin (EXT) network is elaborated by the covalent intermolecular crosslinking of EXT glycoprotein monomers, and its proper assembly is important for numerous aspects of basic wall architecture and cellular defense. In this review, we discuss new advances in the secretion of EXT monomers and the molecular drivers of EXT network self-assembly. Many of the functions of EXTs are conferred through covalent crosslinking into the wall, so we also discuss the different types of known intermolecular crosslinks, the enzymes that are involved, as well as the potential for additional crosslinks that are yet to be identified. EXTs also function in wall architecture independent of crosslinking status, and therefore, we explore the role of non-crosslinking EXTs. As EXT crosslinking is upregulated in response to wounding and pathogen infection, we discuss a potential regulatory mechanism to control covalent crosslinking and its relationship to the subcellular localization of the crosslinking enzymes. |
topic |
extensin glycoprotein peroxidase crosslinking self-assembly |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.664738/full |
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