Influence of Internal Pressure and Axial Compressive Displacement on the Formability of Small-Diameter ZM21 Magnesium Alloy Tubes in Warm Tube Hydroforming
In this study, the influence of internal pressure and axial compressive displacement on the formability of small-diameter ZM21 magnesium alloy tubes in warm tube hydroforming (THF) was examined experimentally and numerically. The deformation behavior of ZM21 tubes, with a 2.0 mm outer diameter and 0...
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doaj-34bee2db861241389c3e9b428a60a8672020-11-25T03:27:45ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012020-05-011067467410.3390/met10050674Influence of Internal Pressure and Axial Compressive Displacement on the Formability of Small-Diameter ZM21 Magnesium Alloy Tubes in Warm Tube HydroformingHajime Yasui0Taisuke Miyagawa1Shoichiro Yoshihara2Tsuyoshi Furushima3Ryuichi Yamada4Yasumi Ito5Faculty of Engineering, Integrated Graduate School of Medical, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda Kofu-shi, Yamanashi 400-8511, JapanFaculty of Engineering, Integrated Graduate School of Medical, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda Kofu-shi, Yamanashi 400-8511, JapanDepartment of Engineering and Design, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-9-14 Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8548, JapanInstitute industrial science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, JapanGraduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering (Mechanical Engineering), University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda Kofu-shi, Yamanashi 400-8511, JapanGraduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering (Mechanical Engineering), University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda Kofu-shi, Yamanashi 400-8511, JapanIn this study, the influence of internal pressure and axial compressive displacement on the formability of small-diameter ZM21 magnesium alloy tubes in warm tube hydroforming (THF) was examined experimentally and numerically. The deformation behavior of ZM21 tubes, with a 2.0 mm outer diameter and 0.2 mm wall thickness, was evaluated in taper-cavity and cylinder-cavity dies. The simulation code used was the dynamic explicit finite element (FE) method (FEM) code, LS-DYNA 3D. The experiments were conducted at 250 °C. This paper elucidated the deformation characteristics, forming defects and forming limit of ZM21 tubes. Their deformation behavior in the taper-cavity die was affected by the axial compressive direction. Additionally, the occurrence of tube buckling could be inferred by changes of the axial compression force, which were measured by the load cell during the processing. In addition, grain with twin boundaries and refined grain were observed at the bended areas of tapered tubes. The hydroformed samples could have a high strength. Moreover, wrinkles, which are caused under a lower internal pressure condition, were employed to avoid tube fractures during the axial feeding. The tube with wrinkles was expanded by a straightening process after the axial feed. It was found that the process of warm THF of the tubes in the cylinder-cavity die was successful.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/5/674tube hydroformingsmall-diameter tubemagnesium alloywarm workingdeformation characteristicsforming defects |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hajime Yasui Taisuke Miyagawa Shoichiro Yoshihara Tsuyoshi Furushima Ryuichi Yamada Yasumi Ito |
spellingShingle |
Hajime Yasui Taisuke Miyagawa Shoichiro Yoshihara Tsuyoshi Furushima Ryuichi Yamada Yasumi Ito Influence of Internal Pressure and Axial Compressive Displacement on the Formability of Small-Diameter ZM21 Magnesium Alloy Tubes in Warm Tube Hydroforming Metals tube hydroforming small-diameter tube magnesium alloy warm working deformation characteristics forming defects |
author_facet |
Hajime Yasui Taisuke Miyagawa Shoichiro Yoshihara Tsuyoshi Furushima Ryuichi Yamada Yasumi Ito |
author_sort |
Hajime Yasui |
title |
Influence of Internal Pressure and Axial Compressive Displacement on the Formability of Small-Diameter ZM21 Magnesium Alloy Tubes in Warm Tube Hydroforming |
title_short |
Influence of Internal Pressure and Axial Compressive Displacement on the Formability of Small-Diameter ZM21 Magnesium Alloy Tubes in Warm Tube Hydroforming |
title_full |
Influence of Internal Pressure and Axial Compressive Displacement on the Formability of Small-Diameter ZM21 Magnesium Alloy Tubes in Warm Tube Hydroforming |
title_fullStr |
Influence of Internal Pressure and Axial Compressive Displacement on the Formability of Small-Diameter ZM21 Magnesium Alloy Tubes in Warm Tube Hydroforming |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influence of Internal Pressure and Axial Compressive Displacement on the Formability of Small-Diameter ZM21 Magnesium Alloy Tubes in Warm Tube Hydroforming |
title_sort |
influence of internal pressure and axial compressive displacement on the formability of small-diameter zm21 magnesium alloy tubes in warm tube hydroforming |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Metals |
issn |
2075-4701 |
publishDate |
2020-05-01 |
description |
In this study, the influence of internal pressure and axial compressive displacement on the formability of small-diameter ZM21 magnesium alloy tubes in warm tube hydroforming (THF) was examined experimentally and numerically. The deformation behavior of ZM21 tubes, with a 2.0 mm outer diameter and 0.2 mm wall thickness, was evaluated in taper-cavity and cylinder-cavity dies. The simulation code used was the dynamic explicit finite element (FE) method (FEM) code, LS-DYNA 3D. The experiments were conducted at 250 °C. This paper elucidated the deformation characteristics, forming defects and forming limit of ZM21 tubes. Their deformation behavior in the taper-cavity die was affected by the axial compressive direction. Additionally, the occurrence of tube buckling could be inferred by changes of the axial compression force, which were measured by the load cell during the processing. In addition, grain with twin boundaries and refined grain were observed at the bended areas of tapered tubes. The hydroformed samples could have a high strength. Moreover, wrinkles, which are caused under a lower internal pressure condition, were employed to avoid tube fractures during the axial feeding. The tube with wrinkles was expanded by a straightening process after the axial feed. It was found that the process of warm THF of the tubes in the cylinder-cavity die was successful. |
topic |
tube hydroforming small-diameter tube magnesium alloy warm working deformation characteristics forming defects |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/5/674 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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