Potential of Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Profile as a Novel Inflammatory Biomarker to Distinguish Metabolically Healthy Obesity in Children
Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) has been described as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, without metabolic disorders traditionally associated with obesity. Beyond this definition, a standardized criterion, for adults and children, has not been established yet to explain the absence of those...
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doaj-34bfacbaaba347c39cad3482b0b708832021-04-23T23:05:50ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262021-04-011133733710.3390/jpm11050337Potential of Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Profile as a Novel Inflammatory Biomarker to Distinguish Metabolically Healthy Obesity in ChildrenIker Jauregibeitia0Kevin Portune1Itxaso Rica2Itziar Tueros3Olaia Velasco4Gema Grau5Luis Castaño6Federica Di Nolfo7Carla Ferreri8Sara Arranz9AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, SpainAZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, SpainBiocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, CIBERDEM/CIBERER, UPV/EHU, Endo-ERN, 48903 Barakaldo, SpainAZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, SpainBiocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, CIBERDEM/CIBERER, UPV/EHU, Endo-ERN, 48903 Barakaldo, SpainBiocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, CIBERDEM/CIBERER, UPV/EHU, Endo-ERN, 48903 Barakaldo, SpainBiocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, CIBERDEM/CIBERER, UPV/EHU, Endo-ERN, 48903 Barakaldo, SpainLipidomic Laboratory, Lipinutragen srl, Via di Corticella 181/4, 40128 Bologna, ItalyConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ISOF, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyAZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, SpainMetabolically healthy obesity (MHO) has been described as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, without metabolic disorders traditionally associated with obesity. Beyond this definition, a standardized criterion, for adults and children, has not been established yet to explain the absence of those metabolic disorders. In this context, biomarkers of inflammation have been proposed as suitable candidates to describe MHO. The use of mature red blood cell fatty acid (RBC FA) profile is here proposed since its membrane lipidome includes biomarkers of pro- and anti-inflammatory conditions with a strict relationship with metabolic and nutritional status. An observational study was carried out in 194 children (76 children with obesity and 118 children with normal weight) between 6 and 16 years old. RBC FAs were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). An unsupervised hierarchical clustering method was conducted on children with obesity, based on the RBC FA profile, to isolate the MHO cluster. The MHO cluster showed FA levels similar to children with normal weight, characterized by lower values of arachidonic acid, total ω-6 FA, ω6/ω3 FA ratios and higher values for EPA, DHA, and total ω-3 FA) (for all of them <i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) compared to the rest of the children with obesity (obese cluster). The MHO cluster also presented lipid indexes for higher desaturase enzymatic activity and lower SFA/MUFA ratio compared to the obese cluster. These differences are relevant for the follow-up of patients, also in view of personalized protocols providing tailored nutritional recommendations for the essential fatty acid intakes.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/5/337children, inflammation, lipidomics, mature erythrocyte membrane, metabolically healthy obesity. |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Iker Jauregibeitia Kevin Portune Itxaso Rica Itziar Tueros Olaia Velasco Gema Grau Luis Castaño Federica Di Nolfo Carla Ferreri Sara Arranz |
spellingShingle |
Iker Jauregibeitia Kevin Portune Itxaso Rica Itziar Tueros Olaia Velasco Gema Grau Luis Castaño Federica Di Nolfo Carla Ferreri Sara Arranz Potential of Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Profile as a Novel Inflammatory Biomarker to Distinguish Metabolically Healthy Obesity in Children Journal of Personalized Medicine children, inflammation, lipidomics, mature erythrocyte membrane, metabolically healthy obesity. |
author_facet |
Iker Jauregibeitia Kevin Portune Itxaso Rica Itziar Tueros Olaia Velasco Gema Grau Luis Castaño Federica Di Nolfo Carla Ferreri Sara Arranz |
author_sort |
Iker Jauregibeitia |
title |
Potential of Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Profile as a Novel Inflammatory Biomarker to Distinguish Metabolically Healthy Obesity in Children |
title_short |
Potential of Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Profile as a Novel Inflammatory Biomarker to Distinguish Metabolically Healthy Obesity in Children |
title_full |
Potential of Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Profile as a Novel Inflammatory Biomarker to Distinguish Metabolically Healthy Obesity in Children |
title_fullStr |
Potential of Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Profile as a Novel Inflammatory Biomarker to Distinguish Metabolically Healthy Obesity in Children |
title_full_unstemmed |
Potential of Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Profile as a Novel Inflammatory Biomarker to Distinguish Metabolically Healthy Obesity in Children |
title_sort |
potential of erythrocyte membrane lipid profile as a novel inflammatory biomarker to distinguish metabolically healthy obesity in children |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Journal of Personalized Medicine |
issn |
2075-4426 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) has been described as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, without metabolic disorders traditionally associated with obesity. Beyond this definition, a standardized criterion, for adults and children, has not been established yet to explain the absence of those metabolic disorders. In this context, biomarkers of inflammation have been proposed as suitable candidates to describe MHO. The use of mature red blood cell fatty acid (RBC FA) profile is here proposed since its membrane lipidome includes biomarkers of pro- and anti-inflammatory conditions with a strict relationship with metabolic and nutritional status. An observational study was carried out in 194 children (76 children with obesity and 118 children with normal weight) between 6 and 16 years old. RBC FAs were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). An unsupervised hierarchical clustering method was conducted on children with obesity, based on the RBC FA profile, to isolate the MHO cluster. The MHO cluster showed FA levels similar to children with normal weight, characterized by lower values of arachidonic acid, total ω-6 FA, ω6/ω3 FA ratios and higher values for EPA, DHA, and total ω-3 FA) (for all of them <i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) compared to the rest of the children with obesity (obese cluster). The MHO cluster also presented lipid indexes for higher desaturase enzymatic activity and lower SFA/MUFA ratio compared to the obese cluster. These differences are relevant for the follow-up of patients, also in view of personalized protocols providing tailored nutritional recommendations for the essential fatty acid intakes. |
topic |
children, inflammation, lipidomics, mature erythrocyte membrane, metabolically healthy obesity. |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/5/337 |
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