Malaria epidemiology in an area of stable transmission in tribal population of Jharkhand, India
Abstract Background Malaria remains an important health problem in India with approximately 1 million cases in 2014. Of these, 7% occurred in the Jharkhand state mainly in the tribal population. Methods This study was conducted in Dumargarhi, a tribal village about 42 km east of Ranchi city, Jharkha...
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doaj-354529da6fa841968abe051a464a7d272020-11-24T22:00:06ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752017-05-0116111010.1186/s12936-017-1833-9Malaria epidemiology in an area of stable transmission in tribal population of Jharkhand, IndiaManoj K. Das0Brijesh K. Prajapati1Régis W. Tiendrebeogo2Kumud Ranjan3Bright Adu4Amit Srivastava5Harvinder K. Khera6Narendra Chauhan7Sanjay Tevatiya8Ikhlaq H. Kana9Surya Kant Sharma10Subhash Singh11Michael Theisen12Field Unit, National Institute of Malaria ResearchNational Institute of Malaria Research, Indian Council of Medical ResearchDepartment for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum InstitutNational Institute of Malaria Research, Indian Council of Medical ResearchNoguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of GhanaIndian Institute of Integrative MedicineIndian Institute of Integrative MedicineIndian Institute of Integrative MedicineNational Institute of Malaria Research, Indian Council of Medical ResearchDepartment for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum InstitutNational Institute of Malaria Research, Indian Council of Medical ResearchIndian Institute of Integrative MedicineDepartment for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum InstitutAbstract Background Malaria remains an important health problem in India with approximately 1 million cases in 2014. Of these, 7% occurred in the Jharkhand state mainly in the tribal population. Methods This study was conducted in Dumargarhi, a tribal village about 42 km east of Ranchi city, Jharkhand, from May 2014 to September 2016. Four point prevalence surveys were carried out during consecutive high (October–December) and low (June–August) transmission seasons. Malaria cases were recorded from April 2015 to April 2016 through fortnightly visits to the village. Adult mosquito densities were monitored fortnightly by manual catching using suction tube method. Results The study area consists of five hamlets inhabited by 945 individuals living in 164 households as recorded through a house-to-house census survey performed at enrollment. The study population consisted predominantly of the Munda (n = 425, 45%) and Oraon (n = 217, 23%) ethnic groups. Study participants were categorized as per their age 0–5, 6–10, 11–15 and >15 years. There were 99 cases of clinical malaria from April 2015 to April 2016 and all malaria cases confirmed by microscopy were attributed to Plasmodium falciparum (94 cases) and Plasmodium vivax (5 cases), respectively. During the high transmission season the mean density of P. falciparum parasitaemia per age group increased to a peak level of 23,601 parasites/μl in the 6–10 years age group and gradually declined in the adult population. Malaria attack rates, parasite prevalence and density levels in the study population showed a gradual decrease with increasing age. This finding is consistent with the phenomenon of naturally acquired immunity against malaria. Three vector species were detected: Anopheles fluviatilis, Anopheles annularis, and Anopheles culicifacies. The incoherence or complete out of phase pattern of the vector density peaks together with a high prevalence of parasite positive individuals in the study population explains the year-round malaria transmission in the study region. Conclusions The collection of clinical data from a well-characterized tribal cohort from Jharkhand, India, has provided evidence for naturally acquired immunity against malaria in this hyperendemic region. The study also suggests that enforcement of existing control programmes can reduce the malaria burden further.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-1833-9MalariaPlasmodium falciparumPlasmodium vivaxMorbidityAgeJharkhand |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Manoj K. Das Brijesh K. Prajapati Régis W. Tiendrebeogo Kumud Ranjan Bright Adu Amit Srivastava Harvinder K. Khera Narendra Chauhan Sanjay Tevatiya Ikhlaq H. Kana Surya Kant Sharma Subhash Singh Michael Theisen |
spellingShingle |
Manoj K. Das Brijesh K. Prajapati Régis W. Tiendrebeogo Kumud Ranjan Bright Adu Amit Srivastava Harvinder K. Khera Narendra Chauhan Sanjay Tevatiya Ikhlaq H. Kana Surya Kant Sharma Subhash Singh Michael Theisen Malaria epidemiology in an area of stable transmission in tribal population of Jharkhand, India Malaria Journal Malaria Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Morbidity Age Jharkhand |
author_facet |
Manoj K. Das Brijesh K. Prajapati Régis W. Tiendrebeogo Kumud Ranjan Bright Adu Amit Srivastava Harvinder K. Khera Narendra Chauhan Sanjay Tevatiya Ikhlaq H. Kana Surya Kant Sharma Subhash Singh Michael Theisen |
author_sort |
Manoj K. Das |
title |
Malaria epidemiology in an area of stable transmission in tribal population of Jharkhand, India |
title_short |
Malaria epidemiology in an area of stable transmission in tribal population of Jharkhand, India |
title_full |
Malaria epidemiology in an area of stable transmission in tribal population of Jharkhand, India |
title_fullStr |
Malaria epidemiology in an area of stable transmission in tribal population of Jharkhand, India |
title_full_unstemmed |
Malaria epidemiology in an area of stable transmission in tribal population of Jharkhand, India |
title_sort |
malaria epidemiology in an area of stable transmission in tribal population of jharkhand, india |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Malaria Journal |
issn |
1475-2875 |
publishDate |
2017-05-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Malaria remains an important health problem in India with approximately 1 million cases in 2014. Of these, 7% occurred in the Jharkhand state mainly in the tribal population. Methods This study was conducted in Dumargarhi, a tribal village about 42 km east of Ranchi city, Jharkhand, from May 2014 to September 2016. Four point prevalence surveys were carried out during consecutive high (October–December) and low (June–August) transmission seasons. Malaria cases were recorded from April 2015 to April 2016 through fortnightly visits to the village. Adult mosquito densities were monitored fortnightly by manual catching using suction tube method. Results The study area consists of five hamlets inhabited by 945 individuals living in 164 households as recorded through a house-to-house census survey performed at enrollment. The study population consisted predominantly of the Munda (n = 425, 45%) and Oraon (n = 217, 23%) ethnic groups. Study participants were categorized as per their age 0–5, 6–10, 11–15 and >15 years. There were 99 cases of clinical malaria from April 2015 to April 2016 and all malaria cases confirmed by microscopy were attributed to Plasmodium falciparum (94 cases) and Plasmodium vivax (5 cases), respectively. During the high transmission season the mean density of P. falciparum parasitaemia per age group increased to a peak level of 23,601 parasites/μl in the 6–10 years age group and gradually declined in the adult population. Malaria attack rates, parasite prevalence and density levels in the study population showed a gradual decrease with increasing age. This finding is consistent with the phenomenon of naturally acquired immunity against malaria. Three vector species were detected: Anopheles fluviatilis, Anopheles annularis, and Anopheles culicifacies. The incoherence or complete out of phase pattern of the vector density peaks together with a high prevalence of parasite positive individuals in the study population explains the year-round malaria transmission in the study region. Conclusions The collection of clinical data from a well-characterized tribal cohort from Jharkhand, India, has provided evidence for naturally acquired immunity against malaria in this hyperendemic region. The study also suggests that enforcement of existing control programmes can reduce the malaria burden further. |
topic |
Malaria Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Morbidity Age Jharkhand |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-1833-9 |
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