| Summary: | We examined the association between the colonic adherent microbiota and nocturnal sleep duration in humans. In a cross-sectional study, 63 polyp-free adults underwent a colonoscopy and donated 206 mucosal biopsies. The gut microbiota was profiled using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V4 region. The sequence reads were processed using UPARSE and DADA2, respectively. Lifestyle factors, including sleep habits, were obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. We categorized the participants into short sleepers (<6 h per night; <i>n</i> = 16) and normal sleepers (6–8 h per night; <i>n</i> = 47) based on self-reported data. Differences in bacterial biodiversity and the taxonomic relative abundance were compared between short vs. normal sleepers, followed by multivariable analysis. A false discovery rate-adjusted <i>p</i> value (<i>q</i> value) < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The bacterial community composition differed in short and normal sleepers. The relative abundance of <i>Sutterella</i> was significantly lower (0.38% vs. 1.25%) and that of <i>Pseudomonas</i> was significantly higher (0.14% vs. 0.08%) in short sleepers than in normal sleepers (<i>q</i> values < 0.01). The difference was confirmed in the multivariable analysis. Nocturnal sleep duration was associated with the bacterial community composition and structure in the colonic gut microbiota in adults.
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