ATR-FTIR spectrum analysis of saliva samples from COVID-19 positive patients
Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the latest biological hazard for the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Even though numerous diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 have been proposed, new diagnosis strategies are being developed, looking for less expensi...
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doaj-358ed29e174b48eaa901aadcdec3ed882021-10-10T11:29:44ZengNature Publishing GroupScientific Reports2045-23222021-10-0111111410.1038/s41598-021-99529-wATR-FTIR spectrum analysis of saliva samples from COVID-19 positive patientsAdriana Martinez-Cuazitl0Gustavo J. Vazquez-Zapien1Miguel Sanchez-Brito2Jorge H. Limon-Pacheco3Melissa Guerrero-Ruiz4Francisco Garibay-Gonzalez5Raul J. Delgado-Macuil6Maria G. Garcia de Jesus7Miguel A. Corona-Perezgrovas8Armando Pereyra-Talamantes9Monica M. Mata-Miranda10Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa NacionalEscuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa NacionalTecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de AguascalientesEscuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa NacionalEscuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa NacionalEscuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa NacionalCIBA-Tlaxcala, Instituto Politécnico NacionalUniversidad Politécnica de Cuautitlán IzcalliHospital Central Militar, Secretaría de la Defensa NacionalHospital Central Militar, Secretaría de la Defensa NacionalEscuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa NacionalAbstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the latest biological hazard for the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Even though numerous diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 have been proposed, new diagnosis strategies are being developed, looking for less expensive methods to be used as screening. This study aimed to establish salivary vibrational modes analyzed by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to detect COVID-19 biological fingerprints that allow the discrimination between COVID-19 and healthy patients. Clinical dates, laboratories, and saliva samples of COVID-19 patients (N = 255) and healthy persons (N = 1209) were obtained and analyzed through ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Then, a multivariate linear regression model (MLRM) was developed. The COVID-19 patients showed low SaO2, cough, dyspnea, headache, and fever principally. C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, fibrinogen, d-dimer, and ferritin were the most important altered laboratory blood tests, which were increased. In addition, changes in amide I and immunoglobulin regions were evidenced in the FTIR spectra analysis, and the MLRM showed clear discrimination between both groups. Specific salivary vibrational modes employing ATR-FTIR spectroscopy were established; moreover, the COVID-19 biological fingerprint in saliva was characterized, allowing the COVID-19 detection using an MLRM, which could be helpful for the development of new diagnostic devices.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99529-w |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Adriana Martinez-Cuazitl Gustavo J. Vazquez-Zapien Miguel Sanchez-Brito Jorge H. Limon-Pacheco Melissa Guerrero-Ruiz Francisco Garibay-Gonzalez Raul J. Delgado-Macuil Maria G. Garcia de Jesus Miguel A. Corona-Perezgrovas Armando Pereyra-Talamantes Monica M. Mata-Miranda |
spellingShingle |
Adriana Martinez-Cuazitl Gustavo J. Vazquez-Zapien Miguel Sanchez-Brito Jorge H. Limon-Pacheco Melissa Guerrero-Ruiz Francisco Garibay-Gonzalez Raul J. Delgado-Macuil Maria G. Garcia de Jesus Miguel A. Corona-Perezgrovas Armando Pereyra-Talamantes Monica M. Mata-Miranda ATR-FTIR spectrum analysis of saliva samples from COVID-19 positive patients Scientific Reports |
author_facet |
Adriana Martinez-Cuazitl Gustavo J. Vazquez-Zapien Miguel Sanchez-Brito Jorge H. Limon-Pacheco Melissa Guerrero-Ruiz Francisco Garibay-Gonzalez Raul J. Delgado-Macuil Maria G. Garcia de Jesus Miguel A. Corona-Perezgrovas Armando Pereyra-Talamantes Monica M. Mata-Miranda |
author_sort |
Adriana Martinez-Cuazitl |
title |
ATR-FTIR spectrum analysis of saliva samples from COVID-19 positive patients |
title_short |
ATR-FTIR spectrum analysis of saliva samples from COVID-19 positive patients |
title_full |
ATR-FTIR spectrum analysis of saliva samples from COVID-19 positive patients |
title_fullStr |
ATR-FTIR spectrum analysis of saliva samples from COVID-19 positive patients |
title_full_unstemmed |
ATR-FTIR spectrum analysis of saliva samples from COVID-19 positive patients |
title_sort |
atr-ftir spectrum analysis of saliva samples from covid-19 positive patients |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
series |
Scientific Reports |
issn |
2045-2322 |
publishDate |
2021-10-01 |
description |
Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the latest biological hazard for the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Even though numerous diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 have been proposed, new diagnosis strategies are being developed, looking for less expensive methods to be used as screening. This study aimed to establish salivary vibrational modes analyzed by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to detect COVID-19 biological fingerprints that allow the discrimination between COVID-19 and healthy patients. Clinical dates, laboratories, and saliva samples of COVID-19 patients (N = 255) and healthy persons (N = 1209) were obtained and analyzed through ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Then, a multivariate linear regression model (MLRM) was developed. The COVID-19 patients showed low SaO2, cough, dyspnea, headache, and fever principally. C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, fibrinogen, d-dimer, and ferritin were the most important altered laboratory blood tests, which were increased. In addition, changes in amide I and immunoglobulin regions were evidenced in the FTIR spectra analysis, and the MLRM showed clear discrimination between both groups. Specific salivary vibrational modes employing ATR-FTIR spectroscopy were established; moreover, the COVID-19 biological fingerprint in saliva was characterized, allowing the COVID-19 detection using an MLRM, which could be helpful for the development of new diagnostic devices. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99529-w |
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