Role of ACTH in the interactive/paracrine regulation of adrenal steroid secretion in physiological and pathophysiological conditions
In the normal human adrenal gland, steroid secretion is regulated by a complex network of autocrine/paracrine interactions involving bioactive signals released by endothelial cells, nerve terminals, chromaffin cells, immunocompetent cells and adrenocortical cells themselves. ACTH can be locally prod...
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doaj-359bc5b8b5b34764822372c8e06e038e2020-11-24T23:52:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922016-07-01710.3389/fendo.2016.00098198523Role of ACTH in the interactive/paracrine regulation of adrenal steroid secretion in physiological and pathophysiological conditionsHerve Lefebvre0Michael Thomas1Céline DUPARC2Jerome Bertherat3Estelle Louiset4Inserm U982/ CHU de Rouen/Université de Rouen NormandieINSERM U982INSERM U982Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut CochinINSERM U982In the normal human adrenal gland, steroid secretion is regulated by a complex network of autocrine/paracrine interactions involving bioactive signals released by endothelial cells, nerve terminals, chromaffin cells, immunocompetent cells and adrenocortical cells themselves. ACTH can be locally produced by medullary chromaffin cells and is therefore a major mediator of the corticomedullary functional interplay. Plasma ACTH also triggers the release of angiogenic and vasoactive agents from adrenocortical cells and adrenal mast cells, and thus indirectly regulates steroid production through modulation of the adrenal blood flow. Adrenocortical neoplasms associated with steroid hypersecretion exhibit molecular and cellular defects which tend to reinforce the influence of paracrine regulatory loops on corticosteroidogenesis. Especially, ACTH has been found to be abnormally synthesized in bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia responsible for hypercortisolism. In these tissues, ACTH is detected in a subpopulation of adrenocortical cells which express gonadal markers. This observation suggests that ectopic production of ACTH may result from impaired embryogenesis leading to abnormal maturation of the adrenogonadal primordium. Globally, the current literature indicates that ACTH is a major player in the autocrine/paracrine processes occurring in the adrenal gland in both physiological and pathological conditions.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fendo.2016.00098/fullHyperplasiaACTHVEGFendothelial cell biologycortisol levelsCushing’s syndrome |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Herve Lefebvre Michael Thomas Céline DUPARC Jerome Bertherat Estelle Louiset |
spellingShingle |
Herve Lefebvre Michael Thomas Céline DUPARC Jerome Bertherat Estelle Louiset Role of ACTH in the interactive/paracrine regulation of adrenal steroid secretion in physiological and pathophysiological conditions Frontiers in Endocrinology Hyperplasia ACTH VEGF endothelial cell biology cortisol levels Cushing’s syndrome |
author_facet |
Herve Lefebvre Michael Thomas Céline DUPARC Jerome Bertherat Estelle Louiset |
author_sort |
Herve Lefebvre |
title |
Role of ACTH in the interactive/paracrine regulation of adrenal steroid secretion in physiological and pathophysiological conditions |
title_short |
Role of ACTH in the interactive/paracrine regulation of adrenal steroid secretion in physiological and pathophysiological conditions |
title_full |
Role of ACTH in the interactive/paracrine regulation of adrenal steroid secretion in physiological and pathophysiological conditions |
title_fullStr |
Role of ACTH in the interactive/paracrine regulation of adrenal steroid secretion in physiological and pathophysiological conditions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Role of ACTH in the interactive/paracrine regulation of adrenal steroid secretion in physiological and pathophysiological conditions |
title_sort |
role of acth in the interactive/paracrine regulation of adrenal steroid secretion in physiological and pathophysiological conditions |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Endocrinology |
issn |
1664-2392 |
publishDate |
2016-07-01 |
description |
In the normal human adrenal gland, steroid secretion is regulated by a complex network of autocrine/paracrine interactions involving bioactive signals released by endothelial cells, nerve terminals, chromaffin cells, immunocompetent cells and adrenocortical cells themselves. ACTH can be locally produced by medullary chromaffin cells and is therefore a major mediator of the corticomedullary functional interplay. Plasma ACTH also triggers the release of angiogenic and vasoactive agents from adrenocortical cells and adrenal mast cells, and thus indirectly regulates steroid production through modulation of the adrenal blood flow. Adrenocortical neoplasms associated with steroid hypersecretion exhibit molecular and cellular defects which tend to reinforce the influence of paracrine regulatory loops on corticosteroidogenesis. Especially, ACTH has been found to be abnormally synthesized in bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia responsible for hypercortisolism. In these tissues, ACTH is detected in a subpopulation of adrenocortical cells which express gonadal markers. This observation suggests that ectopic production of ACTH may result from impaired embryogenesis leading to abnormal maturation of the adrenogonadal primordium. Globally, the current literature indicates that ACTH is a major player in the autocrine/paracrine processes occurring in the adrenal gland in both physiological and pathological conditions. |
topic |
Hyperplasia ACTH VEGF endothelial cell biology cortisol levels Cushing’s syndrome |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fendo.2016.00098/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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