Preparation and Characterization of Fire Retardant Nano-Filler from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers
The possibilities of utilizing an abundantly available agricultural waste, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibers, for the development of nano-filler was investigated. The aim was to develop fire retardant nano-fillers from OPEFB fiber through grinding, chemical treatment (bromine water and SnCl2...
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North Carolina State University
2015-06-01
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doaj-36361e70337f4ceb8c5fca69c2c9ac8f2020-11-25T00:56:47ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21261930-21262015-06-011034530454310.15376/biores.10.3.4530-4543Preparation and Characterization of Fire Retardant Nano-Filler from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch FibersNaheed Saba0Tahir Md. Paridah1Khalina Abdan2Nor Azowa Ibrahim3Univ. Putra Malaysia; MalaysiaUniv. Putra Malaysia; MalaysiaUniv. Putra Malaysia; MalaysiaUniv. Putra Malaysia; MalaysiaThe possibilities of utilizing an abundantly available agricultural waste, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibers, for the development of nano-filler was investigated. The aim was to develop fire retardant nano-fillers from OPEFB fiber through grinding, chemical treatment (bromine water and SnCl2), and cryogenic crushing, followed by a high energy ball milling process. The structural, morphological, and thermal properties of nano-fillers were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The analysis revealed that the particle size distribution was reduced from micro to nano size in the range of around 14 to 100 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that the nanoparticles of OPEFB had irregular shapes. The elemental composition of the OPEFB were investigated by elemental dispersive X- ray analysis (EDX), showing the presence of tin, carbon, oxygen, chlorine, and bromine elements both before and after ball milling. Further, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the developed nanofillers exhibited enhanced thermal properties compared to the untreated fibers. Such results suggest that the developed nano-filler can be used for the fabrication of nanocomposites with improved fire retardancy.http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_10_3_4530_Saba_Fire_Retardant_Fruit_BunchOil palm empty fruit bunch fibersHigh energy ball millingNano-fillerStructural propertiesMorphological propertiesThermal properties |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Naheed Saba Tahir Md. Paridah Khalina Abdan Nor Azowa Ibrahim |
spellingShingle |
Naheed Saba Tahir Md. Paridah Khalina Abdan Nor Azowa Ibrahim Preparation and Characterization of Fire Retardant Nano-Filler from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers BioResources Oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers High energy ball milling Nano-filler Structural properties Morphological properties Thermal properties |
author_facet |
Naheed Saba Tahir Md. Paridah Khalina Abdan Nor Azowa Ibrahim |
author_sort |
Naheed Saba |
title |
Preparation and Characterization of Fire Retardant Nano-Filler from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers |
title_short |
Preparation and Characterization of Fire Retardant Nano-Filler from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers |
title_full |
Preparation and Characterization of Fire Retardant Nano-Filler from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers |
title_fullStr |
Preparation and Characterization of Fire Retardant Nano-Filler from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers |
title_full_unstemmed |
Preparation and Characterization of Fire Retardant Nano-Filler from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers |
title_sort |
preparation and characterization of fire retardant nano-filler from oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers |
publisher |
North Carolina State University |
series |
BioResources |
issn |
1930-2126 1930-2126 |
publishDate |
2015-06-01 |
description |
The possibilities of utilizing an abundantly available agricultural waste, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibers, for the development of nano-filler was investigated. The aim was to develop fire retardant nano-fillers from OPEFB fiber through grinding, chemical treatment (bromine water and SnCl2), and cryogenic crushing, followed by a high energy ball milling process. The structural, morphological, and thermal properties of nano-fillers were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The analysis revealed that the particle size distribution was reduced from micro to nano size in the range of around 14 to 100 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that the nanoparticles of OPEFB had irregular shapes. The elemental composition of the OPEFB were investigated by elemental dispersive X- ray analysis (EDX), showing the presence of tin, carbon, oxygen, chlorine, and bromine elements both before and after ball milling. Further, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the developed nanofillers exhibited enhanced thermal properties compared to the untreated fibers. Such results suggest that the developed nano-filler can be used for the fabrication of nanocomposites with improved fire retardancy. |
topic |
Oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers High energy ball milling Nano-filler Structural properties Morphological properties Thermal properties |
url |
http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_10_3_4530_Saba_Fire_Retardant_Fruit_Bunch |
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