Cytokinins and Expression of SWEET, SUT, CWINV and AAP Genes Increase as Pea Seeds Germinate
Transporter genes and cytokinins are key targets for crop improvement. These genes are active during the development of the seed and its establishment as a strong sink. However, during germination, the seed transitions to being a source for the developing root and shoot. To determine if the sucrose...
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doaj-36771649b13945a1983e1a5042045b162020-11-24T23:18:56ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672016-12-011712201310.3390/ijms17122013ijms17122013Cytokinins and Expression of SWEET, SUT, CWINV and AAP Genes Increase as Pea Seeds GerminatePaula E. Jameson0Pragatheswari Dhandapani1Ondrej Novak2Jiancheng Song3School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New ZealandSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New ZealandLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech RepublicSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New ZealandTransporter genes and cytokinins are key targets for crop improvement. These genes are active during the development of the seed and its establishment as a strong sink. However, during germination, the seed transitions to being a source for the developing root and shoot. To determine if the sucrose transporter (SUT), amino acid permease (AAP), Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET), cell wall invertase (CWINV), cytokinin biosynthesis (IPT), activation (LOG) and degradation (CKX) gene family members are involved in both the sink and source activities of seeds, we used RT-qPCR to determine the expression of multiple gene family members, and LC-MS/MS to ascertain endogenous cytokinin levels in germinating Pisum sativum L. We show that genes that are actively expressed when the seed is a strong sink during its development, are also expressed when the seed is in the reverse role of being an active source during germination and early seedling growth. Cytokinins were detected in the imbibing seeds and were actively biosynthesised during germination. We conclude that, when the above gene family members are targeted for seed yield improvement, a downstream effect on subsequent seed germination or seedling vigour must be taken into consideration.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/12/2013cytokiningerminationPisum sativum |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Paula E. Jameson Pragatheswari Dhandapani Ondrej Novak Jiancheng Song |
spellingShingle |
Paula E. Jameson Pragatheswari Dhandapani Ondrej Novak Jiancheng Song Cytokinins and Expression of SWEET, SUT, CWINV and AAP Genes Increase as Pea Seeds Germinate International Journal of Molecular Sciences cytokinin germination Pisum sativum |
author_facet |
Paula E. Jameson Pragatheswari Dhandapani Ondrej Novak Jiancheng Song |
author_sort |
Paula E. Jameson |
title |
Cytokinins and Expression of SWEET, SUT, CWINV and AAP Genes Increase as Pea Seeds Germinate |
title_short |
Cytokinins and Expression of SWEET, SUT, CWINV and AAP Genes Increase as Pea Seeds Germinate |
title_full |
Cytokinins and Expression of SWEET, SUT, CWINV and AAP Genes Increase as Pea Seeds Germinate |
title_fullStr |
Cytokinins and Expression of SWEET, SUT, CWINV and AAP Genes Increase as Pea Seeds Germinate |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cytokinins and Expression of SWEET, SUT, CWINV and AAP Genes Increase as Pea Seeds Germinate |
title_sort |
cytokinins and expression of sweet, sut, cwinv and aap genes increase as pea seeds germinate |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2016-12-01 |
description |
Transporter genes and cytokinins are key targets for crop improvement. These genes are active during the development of the seed and its establishment as a strong sink. However, during germination, the seed transitions to being a source for the developing root and shoot. To determine if the sucrose transporter (SUT), amino acid permease (AAP), Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET), cell wall invertase (CWINV), cytokinin biosynthesis (IPT), activation (LOG) and degradation (CKX) gene family members are involved in both the sink and source activities of seeds, we used RT-qPCR to determine the expression of multiple gene family members, and LC-MS/MS to ascertain endogenous cytokinin levels in germinating Pisum sativum L. We show that genes that are actively expressed when the seed is a strong sink during its development, are also expressed when the seed is in the reverse role of being an active source during germination and early seedling growth. Cytokinins were detected in the imbibing seeds and were actively biosynthesised during germination. We conclude that, when the above gene family members are targeted for seed yield improvement, a downstream effect on subsequent seed germination or seedling vigour must be taken into consideration. |
topic |
cytokinin germination Pisum sativum |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/12/2013 |
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