Is ABCA1 a lipid transfer protein?

• Main Author: Michael C. Phillips
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2018-01-01
• Series: Journal of Lipid Research
• Subjects: ATP binding cassette transporter A1; high density lipoprotein; apolipoprotein A-I; cholesterol; phospholipid
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227520331114

ABCA1 functions as a lipid transporter because it mediates the transfer of cellular phospholipid (PL) and free (unesterified) cholesterol (FC) to apoA-I and related proteins present in the extracellular medium. ABCA1 is a membrane PL translocase and its enzymatic activity leads to transfer of PL molecules from the cytoplasmic leaflet to the exofacial leaflet of a cell plasma membrane (PM). The presence of active ABCA1 in the PM promotes binding of apoA-I to the cell surface. About 10% of this bound apoA-I interacts directly with ABCA1 and stabilizes the transporter. Most of the pool of cell surface-associated apoA-I is bound to lipid domains in the PM that are created by the activity of ABCA1. The amphipathic α-helices in apoA-I confer detergent-like properties on the protein enabling it to solubilize PL and FC in these membrane domains to create a heterogeneous population of discoidal nascent HDL particles. This review focuses on current understanding of the structure-function relationships of human ABCA1 and the molecular mechanisms underlying HDL particle production.