Diet-Gene Interactions and PUFA Metabolism: A Potential Contributor to Health Disparities and Human Diseases
The “modern western” diet (MWD) has increased the onset and progression of chronic human diseases as qualitatively and quantitatively maladaptive dietary components give rise to obesity and destructive gene-diet interactions. There has been a three-fold increase in dietary levels of the omega-6 (n-6...
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doaj-37aeb5da49cb44e0aee1c31b579c1edb2020-11-25T01:01:43ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432014-05-01651993202210.3390/nu6051993nu6051993Diet-Gene Interactions and PUFA Metabolism: A Potential Contributor to Health Disparities and Human DiseasesFloyd H. Chilton0Robert C. Murphy1Bryan A. Wilson2Susan Sergeant3Hannah Ainsworth4Michael C. Seeds5Rasika A. Mathias6The Center for Botanical Lipids and Inflammatory Disease Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USADepartment of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USAMolecular Medicine and Translational Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USAThe Center for Botanical Lipids and Inflammatory Disease Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USAMolecular Medicine and Translational Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USAThe Center for Botanical Lipids and Inflammatory Disease Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USADivision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USAThe “modern western” diet (MWD) has increased the onset and progression of chronic human diseases as qualitatively and quantitatively maladaptive dietary components give rise to obesity and destructive gene-diet interactions. There has been a three-fold increase in dietary levels of the omega-6 (n-6) 18 carbon (C18), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6), with the addition of cooking oils and processed foods to the MWD. Intense debate has emerged regarding the impact of this increase on human health. Recent studies have uncovered population-related genetic variation in the LCPUFA biosynthetic pathway (especially within the fatty acid desaturase gene (FADS) cluster) that is associated with levels of circulating and tissue PUFAs and several biomarkers and clinical endpoints of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Importantly, populations of African descent have higher frequencies of variants associated with elevated levels of arachidonic acid (ARA), CVD biomarkers and disease endpoints. Additionally, nutrigenomic interactions between dietary n-6 PUFAs and variants in genes that encode for enzymes that mobilize and metabolize ARA to eicosanoids have been identified. These observations raise important questions of whether gene-PUFA interactions are differentially driving the risk of cardiovascular and other diseases in diverse populations, and contributing to health disparities, especially in African American populations.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/6/5/1993polyunsaturated fatty acidsnutritiongenetic variantsfatty acid desaturase (FADS)single nucleotide polymorphismsarachidonic acideicosanoidsinflammationcardiovascular disease |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Floyd H. Chilton Robert C. Murphy Bryan A. Wilson Susan Sergeant Hannah Ainsworth Michael C. Seeds Rasika A. Mathias |
spellingShingle |
Floyd H. Chilton Robert C. Murphy Bryan A. Wilson Susan Sergeant Hannah Ainsworth Michael C. Seeds Rasika A. Mathias Diet-Gene Interactions and PUFA Metabolism: A Potential Contributor to Health Disparities and Human Diseases Nutrients polyunsaturated fatty acids nutrition genetic variants fatty acid desaturase (FADS) single nucleotide polymorphisms arachidonic acid eicosanoids inflammation cardiovascular disease |
author_facet |
Floyd H. Chilton Robert C. Murphy Bryan A. Wilson Susan Sergeant Hannah Ainsworth Michael C. Seeds Rasika A. Mathias |
author_sort |
Floyd H. Chilton |
title |
Diet-Gene Interactions and PUFA Metabolism: A Potential Contributor to Health Disparities and Human Diseases |
title_short |
Diet-Gene Interactions and PUFA Metabolism: A Potential Contributor to Health Disparities and Human Diseases |
title_full |
Diet-Gene Interactions and PUFA Metabolism: A Potential Contributor to Health Disparities and Human Diseases |
title_fullStr |
Diet-Gene Interactions and PUFA Metabolism: A Potential Contributor to Health Disparities and Human Diseases |
title_full_unstemmed |
Diet-Gene Interactions and PUFA Metabolism: A Potential Contributor to Health Disparities and Human Diseases |
title_sort |
diet-gene interactions and pufa metabolism: a potential contributor to health disparities and human diseases |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2014-05-01 |
description |
The “modern western” diet (MWD) has increased the onset and progression of chronic human diseases as qualitatively and quantitatively maladaptive dietary components give rise to obesity and destructive gene-diet interactions. There has been a three-fold increase in dietary levels of the omega-6 (n-6) 18 carbon (C18), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6), with the addition of cooking oils and processed foods to the MWD. Intense debate has emerged regarding the impact of this increase on human health. Recent studies have uncovered population-related genetic variation in the LCPUFA biosynthetic pathway (especially within the fatty acid desaturase gene (FADS) cluster) that is associated with levels of circulating and tissue PUFAs and several biomarkers and clinical endpoints of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Importantly, populations of African descent have higher frequencies of variants associated with elevated levels of arachidonic acid (ARA), CVD biomarkers and disease endpoints. Additionally, nutrigenomic interactions between dietary n-6 PUFAs and variants in genes that encode for enzymes that mobilize and metabolize ARA to eicosanoids have been identified. These observations raise important questions of whether gene-PUFA interactions are differentially driving the risk of cardiovascular and other diseases in diverse populations, and contributing to health disparities, especially in African American populations. |
topic |
polyunsaturated fatty acids nutrition genetic variants fatty acid desaturase (FADS) single nucleotide polymorphisms arachidonic acid eicosanoids inflammation cardiovascular disease |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/6/5/1993 |
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