Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs in Recurrence and Metastasis of Radiotherapy-Resistant Cancer Stem Cells
Radiotherapy is a well-established therapeutic regimen applied to treat at least half of all cancer patients worldwide. Radioresistance of cancers or failure to treat certain tumor types with radiation is associated with enhanced local invasion, metastasis and poor prognosis. Elucidation of the biol...
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doaj-37b8ff50fee04a8ab1dd6a0eda4521cc2020-11-25T01:03:30ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672017-09-01189190310.3390/ijms18091903ijms18091903Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs in Recurrence and Metastasis of Radiotherapy-Resistant Cancer Stem CellsHsiang-Cheng Chi0Chung-Ying Tsai1Ming-Ming Tsai2Chau-Ting Yeh3Kwang-Huei Lin4Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanKidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanDepartment of Nursing, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanLiver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanLiver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanRadiotherapy is a well-established therapeutic regimen applied to treat at least half of all cancer patients worldwide. Radioresistance of cancers or failure to treat certain tumor types with radiation is associated with enhanced local invasion, metastasis and poor prognosis. Elucidation of the biological characteristics underlying radioresistance is therefore critical to ensure the development of effective strategies to resolve this issue, which remains an urgent medical problem. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) comprise a small population of tumor cells that constitute the origin of most cancer cell types. CSCs are virtually resistant to radiotherapy, and consequently contribute to recurrence and disease progression. Metastasis is an increasing problem in resistance to cancer radiotherapy and closely associated with the morbidity and mortality rates of several cancer types. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that radiation induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) accompanied by increased cancer recurrence, metastasis and CSC generation. CSCs are believed to serve as the basis of metastasis. Previous studies indicate that CSCs contribute to the generation of metastasis, either in a direct or indirect manner. Moreover, the heterogeneity of CSCs may be responsible for organ specificity and considerable complexity of metastases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of noncoding molecules over 200 nucleotides in length involved in the initiation and progression of several cancer types. Recently, lncRNAs have attracted considerable attention as novel critical regulators of cancer progression and metastasis. In the current review, we have discussed lncRNA-mediated regulation of CSCs following radiotherapy, their association with tumor metastasis and significance in radioresistance of cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/9/1903radiotherapyradioresistanceCSCsEMTmetastasisLncRNAs |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hsiang-Cheng Chi Chung-Ying Tsai Ming-Ming Tsai Chau-Ting Yeh Kwang-Huei Lin |
spellingShingle |
Hsiang-Cheng Chi Chung-Ying Tsai Ming-Ming Tsai Chau-Ting Yeh Kwang-Huei Lin Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs in Recurrence and Metastasis of Radiotherapy-Resistant Cancer Stem Cells International Journal of Molecular Sciences radiotherapy radioresistance CSCs EMT metastasis LncRNAs |
author_facet |
Hsiang-Cheng Chi Chung-Ying Tsai Ming-Ming Tsai Chau-Ting Yeh Kwang-Huei Lin |
author_sort |
Hsiang-Cheng Chi |
title |
Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs in Recurrence and Metastasis of Radiotherapy-Resistant Cancer Stem Cells |
title_short |
Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs in Recurrence and Metastasis of Radiotherapy-Resistant Cancer Stem Cells |
title_full |
Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs in Recurrence and Metastasis of Radiotherapy-Resistant Cancer Stem Cells |
title_fullStr |
Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs in Recurrence and Metastasis of Radiotherapy-Resistant Cancer Stem Cells |
title_full_unstemmed |
Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs in Recurrence and Metastasis of Radiotherapy-Resistant Cancer Stem Cells |
title_sort |
roles of long noncoding rnas in recurrence and metastasis of radiotherapy-resistant cancer stem cells |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2017-09-01 |
description |
Radiotherapy is a well-established therapeutic regimen applied to treat at least half of all cancer patients worldwide. Radioresistance of cancers or failure to treat certain tumor types with radiation is associated with enhanced local invasion, metastasis and poor prognosis. Elucidation of the biological characteristics underlying radioresistance is therefore critical to ensure the development of effective strategies to resolve this issue, which remains an urgent medical problem. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) comprise a small population of tumor cells that constitute the origin of most cancer cell types. CSCs are virtually resistant to radiotherapy, and consequently contribute to recurrence and disease progression. Metastasis is an increasing problem in resistance to cancer radiotherapy and closely associated with the morbidity and mortality rates of several cancer types. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that radiation induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) accompanied by increased cancer recurrence, metastasis and CSC generation. CSCs are believed to serve as the basis of metastasis. Previous studies indicate that CSCs contribute to the generation of metastasis, either in a direct or indirect manner. Moreover, the heterogeneity of CSCs may be responsible for organ specificity and considerable complexity of metastases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of noncoding molecules over 200 nucleotides in length involved in the initiation and progression of several cancer types. Recently, lncRNAs have attracted considerable attention as novel critical regulators of cancer progression and metastasis. In the current review, we have discussed lncRNA-mediated regulation of CSCs following radiotherapy, their association with tumor metastasis and significance in radioresistance of cancer. |
topic |
radiotherapy radioresistance CSCs EMT metastasis LncRNAs |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/9/1903 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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