A Theoretical Approach for the Electrochemical Characterization of Ciliary Epithelium
The ciliary epithelium (CE) is the primary site of aqueous humor (AH) production, which results from the combined action of ultrafiltration and ionic secretion. Modulation of ionic secretion is a fundamental target for drug therapy in glaucoma, and therefore it is important to identify the main fact...
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doaj-37f26bcf2b414e2abd1600b14b9b60832020-11-25T02:16:38ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292020-01-01102810.3390/life10020008life10020008A Theoretical Approach for the Electrochemical Characterization of Ciliary EpitheliumRiccardo Sacco0Giovanna Guidoboni1Joseph W. Jerome2Giulio Bonifazi3Nicholas M. Marazzi4Alice C. Verticchio Vercellin5Matthew S. Lang6Alon Harris7Dipartimento di Matematica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano MI, ItalyDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USADepartment of Mathematics, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USABasque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao 48009, SpainDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USASchool of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 47405, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USAThe ciliary epithelium (CE) is the primary site of aqueous humor (AH) production, which results from the combined action of ultrafiltration and ionic secretion. Modulation of ionic secretion is a fundamental target for drug therapy in glaucoma, and therefore it is important to identify the main factors contributing to it. As several ion transporters have been hypothesized as relevant players in CE physiology, we propose a theoretical approach to complement experimental methods in characterizing their role in the electrochemical and fluid-dynamical conditions of CE. As a first step, we compare two model configurations that differ by <i>(i)</i> types of transporters included for ion exchange across the epithelial membrane, and by <i>(i)</i> presence or absence of the intracellular production of carbonic acid mediated by the carbonic anhydrase enzyme. The proposed model configurations do not include neurohumoral mechanisms such as P2Y receptor-dependent, cAMP, or calcium-dependent pathways, which occur in the ciliary epithelium bilayer and influence the activity of ion transporters, pumps, and channels present in the cell membrane. Results suggest that one of the two configurations predicts sodium and potassium intracellular concentrations and transmembrane potential much more accurately than the other. Because of its quantitative prediction power, the proposed theoretical approach may help relate phenomena at the cellular scale, that cannot be accessed clinically, with phenomena occurring at the scale of the whole eye, for which clinical assessment is feasible.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/10/2/8aqueous humorciliary epitheliumultrafiltrationionic secretionion transportersphysiologyelectrochemical conditionsfluid-dynamical conditionsmathematical modelsimulation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Riccardo Sacco Giovanna Guidoboni Joseph W. Jerome Giulio Bonifazi Nicholas M. Marazzi Alice C. Verticchio Vercellin Matthew S. Lang Alon Harris |
spellingShingle |
Riccardo Sacco Giovanna Guidoboni Joseph W. Jerome Giulio Bonifazi Nicholas M. Marazzi Alice C. Verticchio Vercellin Matthew S. Lang Alon Harris A Theoretical Approach for the Electrochemical Characterization of Ciliary Epithelium Life aqueous humor ciliary epithelium ultrafiltration ionic secretion ion transporters physiology electrochemical conditions fluid-dynamical conditions mathematical model simulation |
author_facet |
Riccardo Sacco Giovanna Guidoboni Joseph W. Jerome Giulio Bonifazi Nicholas M. Marazzi Alice C. Verticchio Vercellin Matthew S. Lang Alon Harris |
author_sort |
Riccardo Sacco |
title |
A Theoretical Approach for the Electrochemical Characterization of Ciliary Epithelium |
title_short |
A Theoretical Approach for the Electrochemical Characterization of Ciliary Epithelium |
title_full |
A Theoretical Approach for the Electrochemical Characterization of Ciliary Epithelium |
title_fullStr |
A Theoretical Approach for the Electrochemical Characterization of Ciliary Epithelium |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Theoretical Approach for the Electrochemical Characterization of Ciliary Epithelium |
title_sort |
theoretical approach for the electrochemical characterization of ciliary epithelium |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Life |
issn |
2075-1729 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
The ciliary epithelium (CE) is the primary site of aqueous humor (AH) production, which results from the combined action of ultrafiltration and ionic secretion. Modulation of ionic secretion is a fundamental target for drug therapy in glaucoma, and therefore it is important to identify the main factors contributing to it. As several ion transporters have been hypothesized as relevant players in CE physiology, we propose a theoretical approach to complement experimental methods in characterizing their role in the electrochemical and fluid-dynamical conditions of CE. As a first step, we compare two model configurations that differ by <i>(i)</i> types of transporters included for ion exchange across the epithelial membrane, and by <i>(i)</i> presence or absence of the intracellular production of carbonic acid mediated by the carbonic anhydrase enzyme. The proposed model configurations do not include neurohumoral mechanisms such as P2Y receptor-dependent, cAMP, or calcium-dependent pathways, which occur in the ciliary epithelium bilayer and influence the activity of ion transporters, pumps, and channels present in the cell membrane. Results suggest that one of the two configurations predicts sodium and potassium intracellular concentrations and transmembrane potential much more accurately than the other. Because of its quantitative prediction power, the proposed theoretical approach may help relate phenomena at the cellular scale, that cannot be accessed clinically, with phenomena occurring at the scale of the whole eye, for which clinical assessment is feasible. |
topic |
aqueous humor ciliary epithelium ultrafiltration ionic secretion ion transporters physiology electrochemical conditions fluid-dynamical conditions mathematical model simulation |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/10/2/8 |
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