Comprehensive analysis of GASA family members in the Malus domestica genome: identification, characterization, and their expressions in response to apple flower induction
Abstract Background The plant-specific gibberellic acid stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is critical for plant development. However, little is known about these genes, particularly in fruit tree species. Results We identified 15 putative Arabidopsis thaliana GASA (AtGASA) and 26 apple GASA...
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doaj-3860d57c36e34c1e9b7740e8e0a7dfe32020-11-25T01:49:36ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642017-10-0118111910.1186/s12864-017-4213-5Comprehensive analysis of GASA family members in the Malus domestica genome: identification, characterization, and their expressions in response to apple flower inductionSheng Fan0Dong Zhang1Lizhi Zhang2Cai Gao3Mingzhi Xin4Muhammad Mobeen Tahir5Youmei Li6Juanjuan Ma7Mingyu Han8College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityAbstract Background The plant-specific gibberellic acid stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is critical for plant development. However, little is known about these genes, particularly in fruit tree species. Results We identified 15 putative Arabidopsis thaliana GASA (AtGASA) and 26 apple GASA (MdGASA) genes. The identified genes were then characterized (e.g., chromosomal location, structure, and evolutionary relationships). All of the identified A. thaliana and apple GASA proteins included a conserved GASA domain and exhibited similar characteristics. Specifically, the MdGASA expression levels in various tissues and organs were analyzed based on an online gene expression profile and by qRT-PCR. These genes were more highly expressed in the leaves, buds, and fruits compared with the seeds, roots, and seedlings. MdGASA genes were also responsive to gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid treatments. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing results revealed seven potential flowering-related MdGASA genes. We analyzed the expression levels of these genes in response to flowering-related treatments (GA3, 6-benzylaminopurine, and sugar) and in apple varieties that differed in terms of flowering (‘Nagafu No. 2’ and ‘Yanfu No. 6’) during the flower induction period. These candidate MdGASA genes exhibited diverse expression patterns. The expression levels of six MdGASA genes were inhibited by GA3, while the expression of one gene was up-regulated. Additionally, there were expression-level differences induced by the 6-benzylaminopurine and sugar treatments during the flower induction stage, as well as in the different flowering varieties. Conclusion This study represents the first comprehensive investigation of the A. thaliana and apple GASA gene families. Our data may provide useful clues for future studies and may support the hypotheses regarding the role of GASA proteins during the flower induction stage in fruit tree species.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-017-4213-5GASA geneCharacterizationAppleExpression profileFlower induction |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sheng Fan Dong Zhang Lizhi Zhang Cai Gao Mingzhi Xin Muhammad Mobeen Tahir Youmei Li Juanjuan Ma Mingyu Han |
spellingShingle |
Sheng Fan Dong Zhang Lizhi Zhang Cai Gao Mingzhi Xin Muhammad Mobeen Tahir Youmei Li Juanjuan Ma Mingyu Han Comprehensive analysis of GASA family members in the Malus domestica genome: identification, characterization, and their expressions in response to apple flower induction BMC Genomics GASA gene Characterization Apple Expression profile Flower induction |
author_facet |
Sheng Fan Dong Zhang Lizhi Zhang Cai Gao Mingzhi Xin Muhammad Mobeen Tahir Youmei Li Juanjuan Ma Mingyu Han |
author_sort |
Sheng Fan |
title |
Comprehensive analysis of GASA family members in the Malus domestica genome: identification, characterization, and their expressions in response to apple flower induction |
title_short |
Comprehensive analysis of GASA family members in the Malus domestica genome: identification, characterization, and their expressions in response to apple flower induction |
title_full |
Comprehensive analysis of GASA family members in the Malus domestica genome: identification, characterization, and their expressions in response to apple flower induction |
title_fullStr |
Comprehensive analysis of GASA family members in the Malus domestica genome: identification, characterization, and their expressions in response to apple flower induction |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comprehensive analysis of GASA family members in the Malus domestica genome: identification, characterization, and their expressions in response to apple flower induction |
title_sort |
comprehensive analysis of gasa family members in the malus domestica genome: identification, characterization, and their expressions in response to apple flower induction |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Genomics |
issn |
1471-2164 |
publishDate |
2017-10-01 |
description |
Abstract Background The plant-specific gibberellic acid stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is critical for plant development. However, little is known about these genes, particularly in fruit tree species. Results We identified 15 putative Arabidopsis thaliana GASA (AtGASA) and 26 apple GASA (MdGASA) genes. The identified genes were then characterized (e.g., chromosomal location, structure, and evolutionary relationships). All of the identified A. thaliana and apple GASA proteins included a conserved GASA domain and exhibited similar characteristics. Specifically, the MdGASA expression levels in various tissues and organs were analyzed based on an online gene expression profile and by qRT-PCR. These genes were more highly expressed in the leaves, buds, and fruits compared with the seeds, roots, and seedlings. MdGASA genes were also responsive to gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid treatments. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing results revealed seven potential flowering-related MdGASA genes. We analyzed the expression levels of these genes in response to flowering-related treatments (GA3, 6-benzylaminopurine, and sugar) and in apple varieties that differed in terms of flowering (‘Nagafu No. 2’ and ‘Yanfu No. 6’) during the flower induction period. These candidate MdGASA genes exhibited diverse expression patterns. The expression levels of six MdGASA genes were inhibited by GA3, while the expression of one gene was up-regulated. Additionally, there were expression-level differences induced by the 6-benzylaminopurine and sugar treatments during the flower induction stage, as well as in the different flowering varieties. Conclusion This study represents the first comprehensive investigation of the A. thaliana and apple GASA gene families. Our data may provide useful clues for future studies and may support the hypotheses regarding the role of GASA proteins during the flower induction stage in fruit tree species. |
topic |
GASA gene Characterization Apple Expression profile Flower induction |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-017-4213-5 |
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