Computed tomography measurements of presumptively normal canine sternal lymph nodes
Abstract Background There is a lack of information regarding the CT appearance of sternal lymph nodes in dogs. This retrospective anatomic study was aimed to describe the general appearance of sternal lymph nodes in healthy dogs. Results Twenty-seven dogs with no abnormality in blood work, urinalysi...
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doaj-3924d4889c1448e591ee7c29626f3a532020-11-25T02:58:14ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482020-08-011611710.1186/s12917-020-02497-yComputed tomography measurements of presumptively normal canine sternal lymph nodesLadislav Stehlík0Hana Vitulová1Francesco Simeoni2Pavel Proks3Massimo Vignoli4Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences BrnoSmall Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences BrnoFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of TeramoSmall Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences BrnoFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of TeramoAbstract Background There is a lack of information regarding the CT appearance of sternal lymph nodes in dogs. This retrospective anatomic study was aimed to describe the general appearance of sternal lymph nodes in healthy dogs. Results Twenty-seven dogs with no abnormality in blood work, urinalysis and CT images were included in the study. Dogs were divided into three weight groups; ≤10 kg, 10.1 to 30 kg and ≥ 30.1 kg. Multi-planar reconstructions of CT images were made to identify sternal lymph nodes. The number, location, size, density and heterogeneity of sternal lymph nodes were recorded. Density and heterogeneity of lymph nodes were measured on pre- and postcontrast images. Except for one dog, sternal lymph nodes were identified in all the dogs. The mean number of sternal lymph nodes per dog was 2.1 (SD 0.6), and the most frequent localisation was at the level of the second sternebra (23 dogs; 85%). There was a positive correlation between the weight and all the dimensions of sternal lymph nodes. A significant negative correlation was found between the age and dorsoventral dimension of the lymph node. Short-to-long axis ratios were not significantly different between the weight groups. None of the measured dimensions nor the ratio values was significantly different between the medium-sized dogs (10.1 to 30 kg) and the large dogs (≥ 30.1 kg). There was a significant difference between precontrast and postcontrast density and heterogeneity values of sternal lymph nodes. Conclusions Based on the results, we recommend using the short-to-long axis ratios for sternal lymph node size evaluation among dogs of different size. Sternal lymph nodes in this study appeared on precontrast examination as heterogeneous, and homogenous on the postcontrast examination.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-020-02497-ydogthoraxsternal lymph centrelymph node sizeanatomy |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ladislav Stehlík Hana Vitulová Francesco Simeoni Pavel Proks Massimo Vignoli |
spellingShingle |
Ladislav Stehlík Hana Vitulová Francesco Simeoni Pavel Proks Massimo Vignoli Computed tomography measurements of presumptively normal canine sternal lymph nodes BMC Veterinary Research dog thorax sternal lymph centre lymph node size anatomy |
author_facet |
Ladislav Stehlík Hana Vitulová Francesco Simeoni Pavel Proks Massimo Vignoli |
author_sort |
Ladislav Stehlík |
title |
Computed tomography measurements of presumptively normal canine sternal lymph nodes |
title_short |
Computed tomography measurements of presumptively normal canine sternal lymph nodes |
title_full |
Computed tomography measurements of presumptively normal canine sternal lymph nodes |
title_fullStr |
Computed tomography measurements of presumptively normal canine sternal lymph nodes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Computed tomography measurements of presumptively normal canine sternal lymph nodes |
title_sort |
computed tomography measurements of presumptively normal canine sternal lymph nodes |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Veterinary Research |
issn |
1746-6148 |
publishDate |
2020-08-01 |
description |
Abstract Background There is a lack of information regarding the CT appearance of sternal lymph nodes in dogs. This retrospective anatomic study was aimed to describe the general appearance of sternal lymph nodes in healthy dogs. Results Twenty-seven dogs with no abnormality in blood work, urinalysis and CT images were included in the study. Dogs were divided into three weight groups; ≤10 kg, 10.1 to 30 kg and ≥ 30.1 kg. Multi-planar reconstructions of CT images were made to identify sternal lymph nodes. The number, location, size, density and heterogeneity of sternal lymph nodes were recorded. Density and heterogeneity of lymph nodes were measured on pre- and postcontrast images. Except for one dog, sternal lymph nodes were identified in all the dogs. The mean number of sternal lymph nodes per dog was 2.1 (SD 0.6), and the most frequent localisation was at the level of the second sternebra (23 dogs; 85%). There was a positive correlation between the weight and all the dimensions of sternal lymph nodes. A significant negative correlation was found between the age and dorsoventral dimension of the lymph node. Short-to-long axis ratios were not significantly different between the weight groups. None of the measured dimensions nor the ratio values was significantly different between the medium-sized dogs (10.1 to 30 kg) and the large dogs (≥ 30.1 kg). There was a significant difference between precontrast and postcontrast density and heterogeneity values of sternal lymph nodes. Conclusions Based on the results, we recommend using the short-to-long axis ratios for sternal lymph node size evaluation among dogs of different size. Sternal lymph nodes in this study appeared on precontrast examination as heterogeneous, and homogenous on the postcontrast examination. |
topic |
dog thorax sternal lymph centre lymph node size anatomy |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-020-02497-y |
work_keys_str_mv |
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