Techniques used for the screening of hemoglobin levels in blood donors: current insights and future directions

• Main Authors: Chaudhary R, Dubey A, Sonker A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dove Medical Press 2017-07-01
• Series: Journal of Blood Medicine
• Subjects: blood donors; hemoglobin estimation; cut off criteria; pre-analytical variables; copper sulphate method; portable hemoglobinometers; non-invasive spectrophotometry
• Online Access: https://www.dovepress.com/techniques-used-for-the-screening-of-hemoglobin-levels-in-blood-donors-peer-reviewed-article-JBM

Rajendra Chaudhary,1 Anju Dubey,2 Atul Sonker3 1Department of Transfusion Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, 2Department of Transfusion Medicine, T.S. Misra Medical College and Hospital, 3Department of Transfusion Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India Abstract: Blood donor hemoglobin (Hb) estimation is an important donation test that is performed prior to blood donation. It serves the dual purpose of protecting the donors’ health against anemia and ensuring good quality of blood components, which has an implication on recipients’ health. Diverse cutoff criteria have been defined world over depending on population characteristics; however, no testing methodology and sample requirement have been specified for Hb screening. Besides the technique, there are several physiological and methodological factors that affect accuracy and reliability of Hb estimation. These include the anatomical source of blood sample, posture of the donor, timing of sample and several other biological factors. Qualitative copper sulfate gravimetric method has been the archaic time-tested method that is still used in resource-constrained settings. Portable hemoglobinometers are modern quantitative devices that have been further modified to reagent-free cuvettes. Furthermore, noninvasive spectrophotometry was introduced, mitigating pain to blood donor and eliminating risk of infection. Notwithstanding a tremendous evolution in terms of ease of operation, accuracy, mobility, rapidity and cost, a component of inherent variability persists, which may partly be attributed to pre-analytical variables. Hence, blood centers should pay due attention to validation of test methodology, competency of operating staff and regular proficiency testing of the outputs. In this article, we have reviewed various regulatory guidelines, described the variables that affect the measurements and compared the validated technologies for Hb screening of blood donors along with enumeration of their merits and limitations. Keywords: blood donors, hemoglobin estimation, cut off criteria, pre-analytical variables, copper sulfate method, portable hemoglobinometers, noninvasive spectrophotometry