Surface Modification of PVDF Membranes for Treating Produced Waters by Direct Contact Membrane Distillation
Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) has been conducted to treat hydraulic fracturing-produced water using polyvinylidenedifluoride (PVDF) membranes. Tailoring the surface properties of the membrane is critical in order to reduce the rate of adsorption of dissolved organic species as well as...
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doaj-39643f95d68145a0b6a0b2df8a7cc30a2020-11-24T21:35:22ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1660-46012019-02-0116568510.3390/ijerph16050685ijerph16050685Surface Modification of PVDF Membranes for Treating Produced Waters by Direct Contact Membrane DistillationMohanad Kamaz0Arijit Sengupta1Ashley Gutierrez2Yu-Hsuan Chiao3Ranil Wickramasinghe4Ralph E Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USARalph E Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USARalph E Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USARalph E Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USADirect contact membrane distillation (DCMD) has been conducted to treat hydraulic fracturing-produced water using polyvinylidenedifluoride (PVDF) membranes. Tailoring the surface properties of the membrane is critical in order to reduce the rate of adsorption of dissolved organic species as well as mineral salts. The PVDF membranes have been modified by grafting zwitterion and polyionic liquid-based polymer chains. In addition, surface oxidation of the PVDF membrane has been conducted using KMnO<sub>4</sub> and NaOH. Surface modification conditions were chosen in order to minimize the decrease in contact angle. Thus, the membranes remain hydrophobic, essential for suppression of wetting. DCMD was conducted using the base PVDF membrane as well as modified membranes. In addition, DCMD was conducted on the base membrane using produced water (PW) that was pretreated by electrocoagulation to remove dissolved organic compounds. After DCMD all membranes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy imaging as well as Energy-Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy. Surface modification led to a greater volume of PW being treated by the membrane prior to drastic flux decline. The results indicate that tailoring the surface properties of the membrane enhances fouling resistance and could reduce pretreatment requirements.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/5/685foulinghydraulic fracturingpolyionic liquidsurface modificationzwitterion |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mohanad Kamaz Arijit Sengupta Ashley Gutierrez Yu-Hsuan Chiao Ranil Wickramasinghe |
spellingShingle |
Mohanad Kamaz Arijit Sengupta Ashley Gutierrez Yu-Hsuan Chiao Ranil Wickramasinghe Surface Modification of PVDF Membranes for Treating Produced Waters by Direct Contact Membrane Distillation International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health fouling hydraulic fracturing polyionic liquid surface modification zwitterion |
author_facet |
Mohanad Kamaz Arijit Sengupta Ashley Gutierrez Yu-Hsuan Chiao Ranil Wickramasinghe |
author_sort |
Mohanad Kamaz |
title |
Surface Modification of PVDF Membranes for Treating Produced Waters by Direct Contact Membrane Distillation |
title_short |
Surface Modification of PVDF Membranes for Treating Produced Waters by Direct Contact Membrane Distillation |
title_full |
Surface Modification of PVDF Membranes for Treating Produced Waters by Direct Contact Membrane Distillation |
title_fullStr |
Surface Modification of PVDF Membranes for Treating Produced Waters by Direct Contact Membrane Distillation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Surface Modification of PVDF Membranes for Treating Produced Waters by Direct Contact Membrane Distillation |
title_sort |
surface modification of pvdf membranes for treating produced waters by direct contact membrane distillation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2019-02-01 |
description |
Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) has been conducted to treat hydraulic fracturing-produced water using polyvinylidenedifluoride (PVDF) membranes. Tailoring the surface properties of the membrane is critical in order to reduce the rate of adsorption of dissolved organic species as well as mineral salts. The PVDF membranes have been modified by grafting zwitterion and polyionic liquid-based polymer chains. In addition, surface oxidation of the PVDF membrane has been conducted using KMnO<sub>4</sub> and NaOH. Surface modification conditions were chosen in order to minimize the decrease in contact angle. Thus, the membranes remain hydrophobic, essential for suppression of wetting. DCMD was conducted using the base PVDF membrane as well as modified membranes. In addition, DCMD was conducted on the base membrane using produced water (PW) that was pretreated by electrocoagulation to remove dissolved organic compounds. After DCMD all membranes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy imaging as well as Energy-Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy. Surface modification led to a greater volume of PW being treated by the membrane prior to drastic flux decline. The results indicate that tailoring the surface properties of the membrane enhances fouling resistance and could reduce pretreatment requirements. |
topic |
fouling hydraulic fracturing polyionic liquid surface modification zwitterion |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/5/685 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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