Women Remain at Risk of Iodine Deficiency during Pregnancy: The Importance of Iodine Supplementation before Conception and Throughout Gestation
In Australia, pregnant women are advised to take an iodine supplement (I-supp) (150 µg/day) to reduce risks to the foetus associated with iodine deficiency (ID). To examine the impact of this recommendation on iodine status, and to identify factors that contribute to adequacy during gestat...
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doaj-396e6fd8fcd940e89d0f4b2e9e1c26972020-11-24T23:05:59ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432019-01-0111117210.3390/nu11010172nu11010172Women Remain at Risk of Iodine Deficiency during Pregnancy: The Importance of Iodine Supplementation before Conception and Throughout GestationKristen L. Hynes0Judy A. Seal1Petr Otahal2Wendy H. Oddy3John R. Burgess4Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS 7001, AustraliaPublic Health Services, Department of Health and Human Services, Tasmanian Government, GPO Box 125, Hobart, TAS 7001, AustraliaMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS 7001, AustraliaMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS 7001, AustraliaSchool of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 34, Hobart, TAS 7001, AustraliaIn Australia, pregnant women are advised to take an iodine supplement (I-supp) (150 µg/day) to reduce risks to the foetus associated with iodine deficiency (ID). To examine the impact of this recommendation on iodine status, and to identify factors that contribute to adequacy during gestation, supplement use and Urinary Iodine Concentration (UIC) was measured in 255 pregnant women (gestation range 6 to 41 weeks) in Tasmania. The median UIC (MUIC) of 133 µg/L (Inter-quartile range 82–233) was indicative of ID, being below the 150–249 µg/L range for adequacy during pregnancy. Women taking an iodine-containing-supplement (I-supp) had a significantly higher MUIC (155 µg/L) (n = 171) compared to the combined MUIC (112.5 µg/L) (n = 84) of those who had never (120 µg/L) (n = 61) or were no longer taking an I-supp (90 µg/L) (n = 23) (p = 0.017). Among women reporting I-supp use, the MUIC of those commencing the recommended 150 µg/day prior to conception was significantly higher than those starting supplementation following pregnancy confirmation: 196 (98–315) µg/L (n = 45) versus 137.5 (82.5–233.5) µg/L (n = 124), p = 0.032. Despite recommendations for iodine supplementation pregnant Tasmanian women remain at risk of ID. Commencing an I-supp of 150 µg/day prior to conception and continuing throughout pregnancy is required to ensure adequacy. Timely advice regarding the importance of adequate iodine nutrition, including supplementation is needed to reduce the risk of irreversible in utero neurocognitive damage to the foetus.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/1/172iodine nutritioniodine deficiencypregnancysupplementationpublic healthpre-conception |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Kristen L. Hynes Judy A. Seal Petr Otahal Wendy H. Oddy John R. Burgess |
spellingShingle |
Kristen L. Hynes Judy A. Seal Petr Otahal Wendy H. Oddy John R. Burgess Women Remain at Risk of Iodine Deficiency during Pregnancy: The Importance of Iodine Supplementation before Conception and Throughout Gestation Nutrients iodine nutrition iodine deficiency pregnancy supplementation public health pre-conception |
author_facet |
Kristen L. Hynes Judy A. Seal Petr Otahal Wendy H. Oddy John R. Burgess |
author_sort |
Kristen L. Hynes |
title |
Women Remain at Risk of Iodine Deficiency during Pregnancy: The Importance of Iodine Supplementation before Conception and Throughout Gestation |
title_short |
Women Remain at Risk of Iodine Deficiency during Pregnancy: The Importance of Iodine Supplementation before Conception and Throughout Gestation |
title_full |
Women Remain at Risk of Iodine Deficiency during Pregnancy: The Importance of Iodine Supplementation before Conception and Throughout Gestation |
title_fullStr |
Women Remain at Risk of Iodine Deficiency during Pregnancy: The Importance of Iodine Supplementation before Conception and Throughout Gestation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Women Remain at Risk of Iodine Deficiency during Pregnancy: The Importance of Iodine Supplementation before Conception and Throughout Gestation |
title_sort |
women remain at risk of iodine deficiency during pregnancy: the importance of iodine supplementation before conception and throughout gestation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2019-01-01 |
description |
In Australia, pregnant women are advised to take an iodine supplement (I-supp) (150 µg/day) to reduce risks to the foetus associated with iodine deficiency (ID). To examine the impact of this recommendation on iodine status, and to identify factors that contribute to adequacy during gestation, supplement use and Urinary Iodine Concentration (UIC) was measured in 255 pregnant women (gestation range 6 to 41 weeks) in Tasmania. The median UIC (MUIC) of 133 µg/L (Inter-quartile range 82–233) was indicative of ID, being below the 150–249 µg/L range for adequacy during pregnancy. Women taking an iodine-containing-supplement (I-supp) had a significantly higher MUIC (155 µg/L) (n = 171) compared to the combined MUIC (112.5 µg/L) (n = 84) of those who had never (120 µg/L) (n = 61) or were no longer taking an I-supp (90 µg/L) (n = 23) (p = 0.017). Among women reporting I-supp use, the MUIC of those commencing the recommended 150 µg/day prior to conception was significantly higher than those starting supplementation following pregnancy confirmation: 196 (98–315) µg/L (n = 45) versus 137.5 (82.5–233.5) µg/L (n = 124), p = 0.032. Despite recommendations for iodine supplementation pregnant Tasmanian women remain at risk of ID. Commencing an I-supp of 150 µg/day prior to conception and continuing throughout pregnancy is required to ensure adequacy. Timely advice regarding the importance of adequate iodine nutrition, including supplementation is needed to reduce the risk of irreversible in utero neurocognitive damage to the foetus. |
topic |
iodine nutrition iodine deficiency pregnancy supplementation public health pre-conception |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/1/172 |
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