Fabrication of Scaffold-Based 3D Magnetic Nanowires for Domain Wall Applications
Three-dimensional magnetic nanostructures hold great potential to revolutionize information technologies and to enable the study of novel physical phenomena. In this work, we describe a hybrid nanofabrication process combining bottom-up 3D nano-printing and top-down thin film deposition, which leads...
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doaj-3998679863aa4340820227d757dcc4782020-11-24T21:27:56ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912018-06-018748310.3390/nano8070483nano8070483Fabrication of Scaffold-Based 3D Magnetic Nanowires for Domain Wall ApplicationsDédalo Sanz-Hernández0Ruben F. Hamans1Johannes Osterrieth2Jung-Wei Liao3Luka Skoric4Jason D. Fowlkes5Philip D. Rack6Anna Lippert7Steven F. Lee8Reinoud Lavrijsen9Amalio Fernández-Pacheco10Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UKDepartment of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The NetherlandsDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKCavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UKCavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UKCenter for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USACenter for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKDepartment of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The NetherlandsCavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UKThree-dimensional magnetic nanostructures hold great potential to revolutionize information technologies and to enable the study of novel physical phenomena. In this work, we describe a hybrid nanofabrication process combining bottom-up 3D nano-printing and top-down thin film deposition, which leads to the fabrication of complex magnetic nanostructures suitable for the study of new 3D magnetic effects. First, a non-magnetic 3D scaffold is nano-printed using Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition; then a thin film magnetic material is thermally evaporated onto the scaffold, leading to a functional 3D magnetic nanostructure. Scaffold geometries are extended beyond recently developed single-segment geometries by introducing a dual-pitch patterning strategy. Additionally, by tilting the substrate during growth, low-angle segments can be patterned, circumventing a major limitation of this nano-printing process; this is demonstrated by the fabrication of ‘staircase’ nanostructures with segments parallel to the substrate. The suitability of nano-printed scaffolds to support thermally evaporated thin films is discussed, outlining the importance of including supporting pillars to prevent deformation during the evaporation process. Employing this set of methods, a set of nanostructures tailored to precisely match a dark-field magneto-optical magnetometer have been fabricated and characterized. This work demonstrates the versatility of this hybrid technique and the interesting magnetic properties of the nanostructures produced, opening a promising route for the development of new 3D devices for applications and fundamental studies.http://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/8/7/4833D-nanoprintingFocused Electron Beam Induced DepositionnanomagnetismFEBIDnanowirenanofabricationdirect writethin film |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Dédalo Sanz-Hernández Ruben F. Hamans Johannes Osterrieth Jung-Wei Liao Luka Skoric Jason D. Fowlkes Philip D. Rack Anna Lippert Steven F. Lee Reinoud Lavrijsen Amalio Fernández-Pacheco |
spellingShingle |
Dédalo Sanz-Hernández Ruben F. Hamans Johannes Osterrieth Jung-Wei Liao Luka Skoric Jason D. Fowlkes Philip D. Rack Anna Lippert Steven F. Lee Reinoud Lavrijsen Amalio Fernández-Pacheco Fabrication of Scaffold-Based 3D Magnetic Nanowires for Domain Wall Applications Nanomaterials 3D-nanoprinting Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition nanomagnetism FEBID nanowire nanofabrication direct write thin film |
author_facet |
Dédalo Sanz-Hernández Ruben F. Hamans Johannes Osterrieth Jung-Wei Liao Luka Skoric Jason D. Fowlkes Philip D. Rack Anna Lippert Steven F. Lee Reinoud Lavrijsen Amalio Fernández-Pacheco |
author_sort |
Dédalo Sanz-Hernández |
title |
Fabrication of Scaffold-Based 3D Magnetic Nanowires for Domain Wall Applications |
title_short |
Fabrication of Scaffold-Based 3D Magnetic Nanowires for Domain Wall Applications |
title_full |
Fabrication of Scaffold-Based 3D Magnetic Nanowires for Domain Wall Applications |
title_fullStr |
Fabrication of Scaffold-Based 3D Magnetic Nanowires for Domain Wall Applications |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fabrication of Scaffold-Based 3D Magnetic Nanowires for Domain Wall Applications |
title_sort |
fabrication of scaffold-based 3d magnetic nanowires for domain wall applications |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nanomaterials |
issn |
2079-4991 |
publishDate |
2018-06-01 |
description |
Three-dimensional magnetic nanostructures hold great potential to revolutionize information technologies and to enable the study of novel physical phenomena. In this work, we describe a hybrid nanofabrication process combining bottom-up 3D nano-printing and top-down thin film deposition, which leads to the fabrication of complex magnetic nanostructures suitable for the study of new 3D magnetic effects. First, a non-magnetic 3D scaffold is nano-printed using Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition; then a thin film magnetic material is thermally evaporated onto the scaffold, leading to a functional 3D magnetic nanostructure. Scaffold geometries are extended beyond recently developed single-segment geometries by introducing a dual-pitch patterning strategy. Additionally, by tilting the substrate during growth, low-angle segments can be patterned, circumventing a major limitation of this nano-printing process; this is demonstrated by the fabrication of ‘staircase’ nanostructures with segments parallel to the substrate. The suitability of nano-printed scaffolds to support thermally evaporated thin films is discussed, outlining the importance of including supporting pillars to prevent deformation during the evaporation process. Employing this set of methods, a set of nanostructures tailored to precisely match a dark-field magneto-optical magnetometer have been fabricated and characterized. This work demonstrates the versatility of this hybrid technique and the interesting magnetic properties of the nanostructures produced, opening a promising route for the development of new 3D devices for applications and fundamental studies. |
topic |
3D-nanoprinting Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition nanomagnetism FEBID nanowire nanofabrication direct write thin film |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/8/7/483 |
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