Psychological sequelae of the station nightclub fire: Comparing survivors with and without physical injuries using a mixed-methods analysis.
BACKGROUND:Surveying survivors from a large fire provides an opportunity to explore the impact of emotional trauma on psychological outcomes. METHODS:This is a cross-sectional survey of survivors of The Station Fire. Primary outcomes were post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale - Revised) and d...
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doaj-39f4d303b8454c7887f671d500317e4f2020-11-24T21:45:44ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-01912e11501310.1371/journal.pone.0115013Psychological sequelae of the station nightclub fire: Comparing survivors with and without physical injuries using a mixed-methods analysis.Nhi-Ha T TrinhDeborah L NadlerVivian ShieFelipe FregniStephen E GilmanColleen M RyanJeffrey C SchneiderBACKGROUND:Surveying survivors from a large fire provides an opportunity to explore the impact of emotional trauma on psychological outcomes. METHODS:This is a cross-sectional survey of survivors of The Station Fire. Primary outcomes were post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale - Revised) and depressive (Beck Depression Inventory) symptoms. Linear regression was used to examine differences in symptom profiles between those with and without physical injuries. The free-response section of the survey was analyzed qualitatively to compare psychological sequelae of survivors with and without physical injuries. RESULTS:104 participants completed the study survey; 47% experienced a burn injury. There was a 42% to 72% response rate range. The mean age of respondents was 32 years, 62% were male, and 47% experienced a physical injury. No significant relationships were found between physical injury and depressive or post-traumatic stress symptom profiles. In the qualitative analysis, the emotional trauma that survivors experienced was a major, common theme regardless of physical injury. Survivors without physical injuries were more likely to experience survivor guilt, helplessness, self-blame, and bitterness. Despite the post-fire challenges described, most survivors wrote about themes of recovery and renewal. CONCLUSIONS:All survivors of this large fire experienced significant psychological sequelae. These findings reinforce the importance of mental health care for all survivors and suggest a need to understand factors influencing positive outcomes.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4275219?pdf=render |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Nhi-Ha T Trinh Deborah L Nadler Vivian Shie Felipe Fregni Stephen E Gilman Colleen M Ryan Jeffrey C Schneider |
spellingShingle |
Nhi-Ha T Trinh Deborah L Nadler Vivian Shie Felipe Fregni Stephen E Gilman Colleen M Ryan Jeffrey C Schneider Psychological sequelae of the station nightclub fire: Comparing survivors with and without physical injuries using a mixed-methods analysis. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Nhi-Ha T Trinh Deborah L Nadler Vivian Shie Felipe Fregni Stephen E Gilman Colleen M Ryan Jeffrey C Schneider |
author_sort |
Nhi-Ha T Trinh |
title |
Psychological sequelae of the station nightclub fire: Comparing survivors with and without physical injuries using a mixed-methods analysis. |
title_short |
Psychological sequelae of the station nightclub fire: Comparing survivors with and without physical injuries using a mixed-methods analysis. |
title_full |
Psychological sequelae of the station nightclub fire: Comparing survivors with and without physical injuries using a mixed-methods analysis. |
title_fullStr |
Psychological sequelae of the station nightclub fire: Comparing survivors with and without physical injuries using a mixed-methods analysis. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Psychological sequelae of the station nightclub fire: Comparing survivors with and without physical injuries using a mixed-methods analysis. |
title_sort |
psychological sequelae of the station nightclub fire: comparing survivors with and without physical injuries using a mixed-methods analysis. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2014-01-01 |
description |
BACKGROUND:Surveying survivors from a large fire provides an opportunity to explore the impact of emotional trauma on psychological outcomes. METHODS:This is a cross-sectional survey of survivors of The Station Fire. Primary outcomes were post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale - Revised) and depressive (Beck Depression Inventory) symptoms. Linear regression was used to examine differences in symptom profiles between those with and without physical injuries. The free-response section of the survey was analyzed qualitatively to compare psychological sequelae of survivors with and without physical injuries. RESULTS:104 participants completed the study survey; 47% experienced a burn injury. There was a 42% to 72% response rate range. The mean age of respondents was 32 years, 62% were male, and 47% experienced a physical injury. No significant relationships were found between physical injury and depressive or post-traumatic stress symptom profiles. In the qualitative analysis, the emotional trauma that survivors experienced was a major, common theme regardless of physical injury. Survivors without physical injuries were more likely to experience survivor guilt, helplessness, self-blame, and bitterness. Despite the post-fire challenges described, most survivors wrote about themes of recovery and renewal. CONCLUSIONS:All survivors of this large fire experienced significant psychological sequelae. These findings reinforce the importance of mental health care for all survivors and suggest a need to understand factors influencing positive outcomes. |
url |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4275219?pdf=render |
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