Dyslipidemia in diabetes: a population-based study in Bali

• Main Authors: Suastika K, Semadi IMS, Dwipayana IMP, Saraswati MR, Gotera W, Budhiarta AAG, Matsumoto K, Kajiwara N, Taniguchi H
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dove Medical Press 2019-09-01
• Series: International Journal of General Medicine
• Subjects: HOMA-IR; Dyslipidemia; Diabetes
• Online Access: https://www.dovepress.com/dyslipidemia-in-diabetes-a-population-based-study-in-bali-peer-reviewed-article-IJGM

Ketut Suastika,1 I Made Siswadi Semadi,1 I Made Pande Dwipayana,1 Made Ratna Saraswati,1 Wira Gotera,1 Anak Agung Gde Budhiarta,1 Kinuyo Matsumoto,2 Naemi Kajiwara,2 Hiroshi Taniguchi31Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 2Graduate School of Life Science, Kobe Women’s University, Kobe, Japan; 3Department of Diabetology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, JapanCorrespondence: Ketut SuastikaDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Jalan Kamboja, Denpasar, Bali, IndonesiaTel [phone]Email [e-mail]: To establish the lipid pattern in subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) and factors that are correlated with insulin resistance and lipid disorders in a population of Bali.Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study which enrolled 1840 subjects (age 13–100 years) from 7 villages was carried out. Several clinical parameters were measured including age, gender, body mass index, waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein (apo) A (apoA), apoB, non-HDL-C, T/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/apoB ratio, apoB/A ratio, plasma insulin, and homeostasis of model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).Results: TC, TG, and non-HDL-C levels were higher in DM subjects than in normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects in both genders; total/HDL-C ratio was higher in subjects with DM than in NGT subjects only in men; LDL-C levels, apoB levels, and apoB/A ratios were higher and LDL/apoB was lower in subjects with DM than in NGT in women. In subjects with DM, the target for LDL-C (79%), non-HDL-C (85.2%), apoB (80%), HDL-C (34.9%), TG (46.7%), and small-dense low density lipoprotein (42.2%) was not achieved.Conclusion: FBG was correlated with TC, TG, LDL-C, apoB, non-HDL-C levels, LDL/apoB, and apoB/apoA ratios. Subjects with DM had higher levels of TC, TG, and non-HDL-C levels in both genders; T/HDL-C ratio only in men; LDL-C, apoB/apoA ratio and lower LDL/apoB ratio only in women. Obesity was correlated with lipid levels. WC was correlated with LDL/apoB ratio, insulin level, HOMA-IR, and TG; highest absolute strength of correlation was with LDL/apoB ratio. Insulin resistance was correlated with lipid levels or ratios, especially in women. In women, HOMA-IR had a positive correlation with total/HDL-C ratio, non-HDL-C, apoB, and a negative correlation with HDL-C levels.Keywords: HOMA-IR, dyslipidemia, diabetes