Presence or absence of a novel charge-transfer complex in the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-ethylbenzamide or ethyl benzoate
Reaction paths of base-catalyzed hydrolyses of isoelectronic substrates, Ph–C(=O)–X–Et [X = O (ethyl benzoate) and X = NH (N-ethylbenzamide)], were traced by DFT calculations. To simulate bond interchanges accompanied by proton transfers, a cluster model of Ph–C(=O)–X–Et + OH−(H2O)16 was employed. F...
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doaj-3a21110f7a6343a7b6e3d0cafbd386e32021-02-02T08:46:33ZengBeilstein-InstitutBeilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry1860-53972013-01-019118519610.3762/bjoc.9.221860-5397-9-22Presence or absence of a novel charge-transfer complex in the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-ethylbenzamide or ethyl benzoateShinichi Yamabe0Wei Guan1Shigeyoshi Sakaki2Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan, phone: +81-075-711-7907Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan, phone: +81-075-711-7907Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan, phone: +81-075-711-7907Reaction paths of base-catalyzed hydrolyses of isoelectronic substrates, Ph–C(=O)–X–Et [X = O (ethyl benzoate) and X = NH (N-ethylbenzamide)], were traced by DFT calculations. To simulate bond interchanges accompanied by proton transfers, a cluster model of Ph–C(=O)–X–Et + OH−(H2O)16 was employed. For X = O, three elementary processes and for X = NH four ones were obtained. The rate-determining step of X = O is the first TS (TS1, the OH− addition step), while that of X = NH is TS2. TS2 of X = NH leads to a novel Mulliken charge-transfer complex, Ph–(OH)(O=)C∙∙∙N(H2)–Et. The superiority or inferiority between the direct nucleophilic process or the general base-catalyzed process for TS1 was examined with the model Ph–C(=O)–X–Et + OH−(H2O)n, n = 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24 and 32. The latter process was calculated to be more favorable regardless of the number (n, except n = 3) of water molecules. The counter ion Na+ works unfavorably on the ester hydrolysis, particularly on TS1. A minimal model of TS1 was proposed and was found to be insensitive to n.https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.22basic hydrolysesDFT calculationsethyl benzoateN-ethylbenzamidereactive intermediatestransition states |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Shinichi Yamabe Wei Guan Shigeyoshi Sakaki |
spellingShingle |
Shinichi Yamabe Wei Guan Shigeyoshi Sakaki Presence or absence of a novel charge-transfer complex in the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-ethylbenzamide or ethyl benzoate Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry basic hydrolyses DFT calculations ethyl benzoate N-ethylbenzamide reactive intermediates transition states |
author_facet |
Shinichi Yamabe Wei Guan Shigeyoshi Sakaki |
author_sort |
Shinichi Yamabe |
title |
Presence or absence of a novel charge-transfer complex in the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-ethylbenzamide or ethyl benzoate |
title_short |
Presence or absence of a novel charge-transfer complex in the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-ethylbenzamide or ethyl benzoate |
title_full |
Presence or absence of a novel charge-transfer complex in the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-ethylbenzamide or ethyl benzoate |
title_fullStr |
Presence or absence of a novel charge-transfer complex in the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-ethylbenzamide or ethyl benzoate |
title_full_unstemmed |
Presence or absence of a novel charge-transfer complex in the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-ethylbenzamide or ethyl benzoate |
title_sort |
presence or absence of a novel charge-transfer complex in the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of n-ethylbenzamide or ethyl benzoate |
publisher |
Beilstein-Institut |
series |
Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry |
issn |
1860-5397 |
publishDate |
2013-01-01 |
description |
Reaction paths of base-catalyzed hydrolyses of isoelectronic substrates, Ph–C(=O)–X–Et [X = O (ethyl benzoate) and X = NH (N-ethylbenzamide)], were traced by DFT calculations. To simulate bond interchanges accompanied by proton transfers, a cluster model of Ph–C(=O)–X–Et + OH−(H2O)16 was employed. For X = O, three elementary processes and for X = NH four ones were obtained. The rate-determining step of X = O is the first TS (TS1, the OH− addition step), while that of X = NH is TS2. TS2 of X = NH leads to a novel Mulliken charge-transfer complex, Ph–(OH)(O=)C∙∙∙N(H2)–Et. The superiority or inferiority between the direct nucleophilic process or the general base-catalyzed process for TS1 was examined with the model Ph–C(=O)–X–Et + OH−(H2O)n, n = 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24 and 32. The latter process was calculated to be more favorable regardless of the number (n, except n = 3) of water molecules. The counter ion Na+ works unfavorably on the ester hydrolysis, particularly on TS1. A minimal model of TS1 was proposed and was found to be insensitive to n. |
topic |
basic hydrolyses DFT calculations ethyl benzoate N-ethylbenzamide reactive intermediates transition states |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.22 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT shinichiyamabe presenceorabsenceofanovelchargetransfercomplexinthebasecatalyzedhydrolysisofnethylbenzamideorethylbenzoate AT weiguan presenceorabsenceofanovelchargetransfercomplexinthebasecatalyzedhydrolysisofnethylbenzamideorethylbenzoate AT shigeyoshisakaki presenceorabsenceofanovelchargetransfercomplexinthebasecatalyzedhydrolysisofnethylbenzamideorethylbenzoate |
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