Role of Tonsillar Chronic Inflammation and Commensal Bacteria in the Pathogenesis of Pediatric OSA
Immune responses at the boundary between the host and the world beyond are complex and mucosal tissue homeostasis relies on them. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a syndrome suffered by children with hypertrophied tonsils. We have previously demonstrated that these tonsils present a defective regula...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-04-01
|
Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.648064/full |
id |
doaj-3a35aab0996749039289ec38cdfb9647 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Lindybeth Sarmiento Varón Javier De Rosa Raquel Rodriguez Raquel Rodriguez Pablo M. Fernández Pablo M. Fernández L. Ariel Billordo Plácida Baz Gladys Beccaglia Nicolás Spada F. Tatiana Mendoza Claudia M. Barberis Carlos Vay M. Elena Arabolaza Bibiana Paoli Eloísa I. Arana Eloísa I. Arana |
spellingShingle |
Lindybeth Sarmiento Varón Javier De Rosa Raquel Rodriguez Raquel Rodriguez Pablo M. Fernández Pablo M. Fernández L. Ariel Billordo Plácida Baz Gladys Beccaglia Nicolás Spada F. Tatiana Mendoza Claudia M. Barberis Carlos Vay M. Elena Arabolaza Bibiana Paoli Eloísa I. Arana Eloísa I. Arana Role of Tonsillar Chronic Inflammation and Commensal Bacteria in the Pathogenesis of Pediatric OSA Frontiers in Immunology tonsils oral bacteria obstructive sleep apnea mucosal immunity |
author_facet |
Lindybeth Sarmiento Varón Javier De Rosa Raquel Rodriguez Raquel Rodriguez Pablo M. Fernández Pablo M. Fernández L. Ariel Billordo Plácida Baz Gladys Beccaglia Nicolás Spada F. Tatiana Mendoza Claudia M. Barberis Carlos Vay M. Elena Arabolaza Bibiana Paoli Eloísa I. Arana Eloísa I. Arana |
author_sort |
Lindybeth Sarmiento Varón |
title |
Role of Tonsillar Chronic Inflammation and Commensal Bacteria in the Pathogenesis of Pediatric OSA |
title_short |
Role of Tonsillar Chronic Inflammation and Commensal Bacteria in the Pathogenesis of Pediatric OSA |
title_full |
Role of Tonsillar Chronic Inflammation and Commensal Bacteria in the Pathogenesis of Pediatric OSA |
title_fullStr |
Role of Tonsillar Chronic Inflammation and Commensal Bacteria in the Pathogenesis of Pediatric OSA |
title_full_unstemmed |
Role of Tonsillar Chronic Inflammation and Commensal Bacteria in the Pathogenesis of Pediatric OSA |
title_sort |
role of tonsillar chronic inflammation and commensal bacteria in the pathogenesis of pediatric osa |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Immune responses at the boundary between the host and the world beyond are complex and mucosal tissue homeostasis relies on them. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a syndrome suffered by children with hypertrophied tonsils. We have previously demonstrated that these tonsils present a defective regulatory B cell (Breg) compartment. Here, we extend those findings by uncovering the crucial role of resident pro-inflammatory B and T cells in sustaining tonsillar hypertrophy and hyperplasia by producing TNFα and IL17, respectively, in ex vivo cultures. Additionally, we detected prominent levels of expression of CD1d by tonsillar stratified as well as reticular epithelium, which have not previously been reported. Furthermore, we evidenced the hypertrophy of germinal centers (GC) and the general hyperplasia of B lymphocytes within the tissue and the lumen of the crypts. Of note, such B cells resulted mainly (IgG/IgM)+ cells, with some IgA+ cells located marginally in the follicles. Finally, by combining bacterial culture from the tonsillar core and subsequent identification of the respective isolates, we determined the most prevalent species within the cohort of OSA patients. Although the isolated species are considered normal oropharyngeal commensals in children, we confirmed their capacity to breach the epithelial barrier. Our work sheds light on the pathological mechanism underlying OSA, highlighting the relevance taken by the host immune system when defining infection versus colonization, and opening alternatives of treatment. |
topic |
tonsils oral bacteria obstructive sleep apnea mucosal immunity |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.648064/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT lindybethsarmientovaron roleoftonsillarchronicinflammationandcommensalbacteriainthepathogenesisofpediatricosa AT javierderosa roleoftonsillarchronicinflammationandcommensalbacteriainthepathogenesisofpediatricosa AT raquelrodriguez roleoftonsillarchronicinflammationandcommensalbacteriainthepathogenesisofpediatricosa AT raquelrodriguez roleoftonsillarchronicinflammationandcommensalbacteriainthepathogenesisofpediatricosa AT pablomfernandez roleoftonsillarchronicinflammationandcommensalbacteriainthepathogenesisofpediatricosa AT pablomfernandez roleoftonsillarchronicinflammationandcommensalbacteriainthepathogenesisofpediatricosa AT larielbillordo roleoftonsillarchronicinflammationandcommensalbacteriainthepathogenesisofpediatricosa AT placidabaz roleoftonsillarchronicinflammationandcommensalbacteriainthepathogenesisofpediatricosa AT gladysbeccaglia roleoftonsillarchronicinflammationandcommensalbacteriainthepathogenesisofpediatricosa AT nicolasspada roleoftonsillarchronicinflammationandcommensalbacteriainthepathogenesisofpediatricosa AT ftatianamendoza roleoftonsillarchronicinflammationandcommensalbacteriainthepathogenesisofpediatricosa AT claudiambarberis roleoftonsillarchronicinflammationandcommensalbacteriainthepathogenesisofpediatricosa AT carlosvay roleoftonsillarchronicinflammationandcommensalbacteriainthepathogenesisofpediatricosa AT melenaarabolaza roleoftonsillarchronicinflammationandcommensalbacteriainthepathogenesisofpediatricosa AT bibianapaoli roleoftonsillarchronicinflammationandcommensalbacteriainthepathogenesisofpediatricosa AT eloisaiarana roleoftonsillarchronicinflammationandcommensalbacteriainthepathogenesisofpediatricosa AT eloisaiarana roleoftonsillarchronicinflammationandcommensalbacteriainthepathogenesisofpediatricosa |
_version_ |
1721501372487041024 |
spelling |
doaj-3a35aab0996749039289ec38cdfb96472021-04-29T09:23:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-04-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.648064648064Role of Tonsillar Chronic Inflammation and Commensal Bacteria in the Pathogenesis of Pediatric OSALindybeth Sarmiento Varón0Javier De Rosa1Raquel Rodriguez2Raquel Rodriguez3Pablo M. Fernández4Pablo M. Fernández5L. Ariel Billordo6Plácida Baz7Gladys Beccaglia8Nicolás Spada9F. Tatiana Mendoza10Claudia M. Barberis11Carlos Vay12M. Elena Arabolaza13Bibiana Paoli14Eloísa I. Arana15Eloísa I. Arana16Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital ‘José de San Martín’, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstitute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital ‘José de San Martín’, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstitute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital ‘José de San Martín’, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaAllergy and Immunology Division, Clinical Hospital ‘José de San Martín’, UBA, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstitute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital ‘José de San Martín’, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, UBA, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstitute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital ‘José de San Martín’, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstitute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital ‘José de San Martín’, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of Pathology, Clinical Hospital ‘José de San Martín’, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of Pathology, Clinical Hospital ‘José de San Martín’, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry and Bacteriology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Clinical Hospital ‘Jose de San Martín’, UBA, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry and Bacteriology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Clinical Hospital ‘Jose de San Martín’, UBA, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry and Bacteriology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Clinical Hospital ‘Jose de San Martín’, UBA, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaPediatric Otolaryngology Division, Clinical Hospital ‘José de San Martín’, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaPediatric Otolaryngology Division, Clinical Hospital ‘José de San Martín’, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstitute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital ‘José de San Martín’, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, UBA, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaImmune responses at the boundary between the host and the world beyond are complex and mucosal tissue homeostasis relies on them. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a syndrome suffered by children with hypertrophied tonsils. We have previously demonstrated that these tonsils present a defective regulatory B cell (Breg) compartment. Here, we extend those findings by uncovering the crucial role of resident pro-inflammatory B and T cells in sustaining tonsillar hypertrophy and hyperplasia by producing TNFα and IL17, respectively, in ex vivo cultures. Additionally, we detected prominent levels of expression of CD1d by tonsillar stratified as well as reticular epithelium, which have not previously been reported. Furthermore, we evidenced the hypertrophy of germinal centers (GC) and the general hyperplasia of B lymphocytes within the tissue and the lumen of the crypts. Of note, such B cells resulted mainly (IgG/IgM)+ cells, with some IgA+ cells located marginally in the follicles. Finally, by combining bacterial culture from the tonsillar core and subsequent identification of the respective isolates, we determined the most prevalent species within the cohort of OSA patients. Although the isolated species are considered normal oropharyngeal commensals in children, we confirmed their capacity to breach the epithelial barrier. Our work sheds light on the pathological mechanism underlying OSA, highlighting the relevance taken by the host immune system when defining infection versus colonization, and opening alternatives of treatment.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.648064/fulltonsilsoral bacteriaobstructivesleepapneamucosal immunity |