What have we learned from ‘perturbing’ the human cortical motor system with transcranial magnetic stimulation?
The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, we will review different approaches that one can use with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study both its effects on motor behavior and on neural connections in the human brain. Second, we will present evidence obtained in TMS-based studies sho...
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Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00173/full |
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doaj-3a7febb69e984513bbed23be55c537632020-11-25T03:00:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612010-10-01410.3389/fnhum.2010.001731975What have we learned from ‘perturbing’ the human cortical motor system with transcranial magnetic stimulation?Philippe A Chouinard0Tomáš Paus1The University of Western OntarioUniversity of TorontoThe purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, we will review different approaches that one can use with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study both its effects on motor behavior and on neural connections in the human brain. Second, we will present evidence obtained in TMS-based studies showing that the dorsal premotor area, the ventral premotor area, the supplementary motor area, and the pre-supplementary motor area each have different roles to play in motor behavior. We highlight the importance of the dorsal premotor area in response selection based on arbitrary cues and in the control of arm movements, the ventral premotor area in grasping and in the discrimination of bodily actions, the supplementary motor area in movement sequencing and in bimanual coordination, and the pre-supplementary motor area in cognitive control. We will also discuss ways in which TMS can be used to chart ‘true’ cerebral reorganization in clinical populations and how TMS might be used as a therapeutic tool to facilitate motor recovery after stroke. We will end our review by discussing some of the methodological challenges and future directions for using this tool in basic and clinical neuroscience.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00173/fullFunctional NeuroimagingTranscranial Magnetic Stimulationmotor systemeffective connectivityfunctional connectivitysupplementary motor area |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Philippe A Chouinard Tomáš Paus |
spellingShingle |
Philippe A Chouinard Tomáš Paus What have we learned from ‘perturbing’ the human cortical motor system with transcranial magnetic stimulation? Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Functional Neuroimaging Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation motor system effective connectivity functional connectivity supplementary motor area |
author_facet |
Philippe A Chouinard Tomáš Paus |
author_sort |
Philippe A Chouinard |
title |
What have we learned from ‘perturbing’ the human cortical motor system with transcranial magnetic stimulation? |
title_short |
What have we learned from ‘perturbing’ the human cortical motor system with transcranial magnetic stimulation? |
title_full |
What have we learned from ‘perturbing’ the human cortical motor system with transcranial magnetic stimulation? |
title_fullStr |
What have we learned from ‘perturbing’ the human cortical motor system with transcranial magnetic stimulation? |
title_full_unstemmed |
What have we learned from ‘perturbing’ the human cortical motor system with transcranial magnetic stimulation? |
title_sort |
what have we learned from ‘perturbing’ the human cortical motor system with transcranial magnetic stimulation? |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
issn |
1662-5161 |
publishDate |
2010-10-01 |
description |
The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, we will review different approaches that one can use with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study both its effects on motor behavior and on neural connections in the human brain. Second, we will present evidence obtained in TMS-based studies showing that the dorsal premotor area, the ventral premotor area, the supplementary motor area, and the pre-supplementary motor area each have different roles to play in motor behavior. We highlight the importance of the dorsal premotor area in response selection based on arbitrary cues and in the control of arm movements, the ventral premotor area in grasping and in the discrimination of bodily actions, the supplementary motor area in movement sequencing and in bimanual coordination, and the pre-supplementary motor area in cognitive control. We will also discuss ways in which TMS can be used to chart ‘true’ cerebral reorganization in clinical populations and how TMS might be used as a therapeutic tool to facilitate motor recovery after stroke. We will end our review by discussing some of the methodological challenges and future directions for using this tool in basic and clinical neuroscience. |
topic |
Functional Neuroimaging Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation motor system effective connectivity functional connectivity supplementary motor area |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00173/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT philippeachouinard whathavewelearnedfromperturbingthehumancorticalmotorsystemwithtranscranialmagneticstimulation AT tomaspaus whathavewelearnedfromperturbingthehumancorticalmotorsystemwithtranscranialmagneticstimulation |
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