Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations
The human infection of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency of international concern that has caused more than 16.8 million new cases and 662,000 deaths as of July 30, 2020. Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associat...
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doaj-3a86c01c29e34f059a2c6051cb2e01442020-11-25T03:21:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952020-09-011110.3389/fneur.2020.01039554623Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and ManifestationsParménides Guadarrama-Ortiz0José Alberto Choreño-Parra1José Alberto Choreño-Parra2Claudia Marisol Sánchez-Martínez3Francisco Javier Pacheco-Sánchez4Francisco Javier Pacheco-Sánchez5Alberto Iván Rodríguez-Nava6Alberto Iván Rodríguez-Nava7Gabriela García-Quintero8Gabriela García-Quintero9Departament of Neurosurgery, Centro Especializado en Neurocirugía y Neurociencias México (CENNM), Mexico City, MexicoDepartament of Neurosurgery, Centro Especializado en Neurocirugía y Neurociencias México (CENNM), Mexico City, MexicoEscuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoDepartament of Neurosurgery, Centro Especializado en Neurocirugía y Neurociencias México (CENNM), Mexico City, MexicoInternado Medico de Pregrado, Centro Especializado en Neurocirugía y Neurociencias México (CENNM), Mexico City, MexicoEscuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoInternado Medico de Pregrado, Centro Especializado en Neurocirugía y Neurociencias México (CENNM), Mexico City, MexicoEscuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoInternado Medico de Pregrado, Centro Especializado en Neurocirugía y Neurociencias México (CENNM), Mexico City, MexicoEscuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoThe human infection of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency of international concern that has caused more than 16.8 million new cases and 662,000 deaths as of July 30, 2020. Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associated with this virus, mainly affects the lungs, recent evidence from clinical and pathological studies indicates that this pathogen has a broad infective ability to spread to extrapulmonary tissues, causing multiorgan failure in severely ill patients. In this regard, there is increasing preoccupation with the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 due to the observation of neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients. This concern is also supported by the neurotropism previously documented in other human coronaviruses, including the 2002–2003 SARS-CoV-1 outbreak. Hence, in the current review article, we aimed to summarize the spectrum of neurological findings associated with COVID-19, which include signs of peripheral neuropathy, myopathy, olfactory dysfunction, meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, we analyze the mechanisms underlying such neurological sequela and discuss possible therapeutics for patients with neurological findings associated with COVID-19. Finally, we describe the host- and pathogen-specific factors that determine the tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and possible routes employed by the virus to invade the nervous system from a pathophysiological and molecular perspective. In this manner, the current manuscript contributes to increasing the current understanding of the neurological aspects of COVID-19 and the impact of the current pandemic on the neurology field.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2020.01039/fullcoronavirusCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2severe acute respiratory syndromepneumonia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Parménides Guadarrama-Ortiz José Alberto Choreño-Parra José Alberto Choreño-Parra Claudia Marisol Sánchez-Martínez Francisco Javier Pacheco-Sánchez Francisco Javier Pacheco-Sánchez Alberto Iván Rodríguez-Nava Alberto Iván Rodríguez-Nava Gabriela García-Quintero Gabriela García-Quintero |
spellingShingle |
Parménides Guadarrama-Ortiz José Alberto Choreño-Parra José Alberto Choreño-Parra Claudia Marisol Sánchez-Martínez Francisco Javier Pacheco-Sánchez Francisco Javier Pacheco-Sánchez Alberto Iván Rodríguez-Nava Alberto Iván Rodríguez-Nava Gabriela García-Quintero Gabriela García-Quintero Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations Frontiers in Neurology coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome pneumonia |
author_facet |
Parménides Guadarrama-Ortiz José Alberto Choreño-Parra José Alberto Choreño-Parra Claudia Marisol Sánchez-Martínez Francisco Javier Pacheco-Sánchez Francisco Javier Pacheco-Sánchez Alberto Iván Rodríguez-Nava Alberto Iván Rodríguez-Nava Gabriela García-Quintero Gabriela García-Quintero |
author_sort |
Parménides Guadarrama-Ortiz |
title |
Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations |
title_short |
Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations |
title_full |
Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations |
title_fullStr |
Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations |
title_sort |
neurological aspects of sars-cov-2 infection: mechanisms and manifestations |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Neurology |
issn |
1664-2295 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
The human infection of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency of international concern that has caused more than 16.8 million new cases and 662,000 deaths as of July 30, 2020. Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associated with this virus, mainly affects the lungs, recent evidence from clinical and pathological studies indicates that this pathogen has a broad infective ability to spread to extrapulmonary tissues, causing multiorgan failure in severely ill patients. In this regard, there is increasing preoccupation with the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 due to the observation of neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients. This concern is also supported by the neurotropism previously documented in other human coronaviruses, including the 2002–2003 SARS-CoV-1 outbreak. Hence, in the current review article, we aimed to summarize the spectrum of neurological findings associated with COVID-19, which include signs of peripheral neuropathy, myopathy, olfactory dysfunction, meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, we analyze the mechanisms underlying such neurological sequela and discuss possible therapeutics for patients with neurological findings associated with COVID-19. Finally, we describe the host- and pathogen-specific factors that determine the tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and possible routes employed by the virus to invade the nervous system from a pathophysiological and molecular perspective. In this manner, the current manuscript contributes to increasing the current understanding of the neurological aspects of COVID-19 and the impact of the current pandemic on the neurology field. |
topic |
coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome pneumonia |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2020.01039/full |
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