The exploration of size and toddler interaction with liquid laundry detergent capsules.
Liquid laundry capsules have been involved in multiple poisoning incidents with young children in the home. There are a range of contributing factors for these incidents, including influences from industry, culture, home environments, and parenting/supervision. There also are influences from childre...
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doaj-3ac4c6ddaee74785bddd9e46ee8c2efc2021-03-23T05:31:20ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032020-01-011512e024448110.1371/journal.pone.0244481The exploration of size and toddler interaction with liquid laundry detergent capsules.Annalise RichmondDavid C SchwebelCasie H MorganZhiwu W LiangAlice BoutoillePablo BusoAna MataGerard StijntjesLiquid laundry capsules have been involved in multiple poisoning incidents with young children in the home. There are a range of contributing factors for these incidents, including influences from industry, culture, home environments, and parenting/supervision. There also are influences from children's behaviour and decisions in reaction to potential hazards. Previous research examined the influence of capsule product appearance and colour on children's behaviour around hazardous household items, but little research examines the influence of product size. This research explored if differences in the size of liquid laundry capsules result in different levels of toddler interaction. We compared two commercially available capsule designs that are identical in physical appearance but differ in physical size. Our research was conducted using three studies: Study 1, forced-choice test in an out-of-context laboratory setting; Study 2, an ecologically-valid, simulated real-world setting replicating a home laundry cabinet with a container of capsules left open; and Study 3, a second ecologically-valid study replicating a home laundry cabinet, this time with a capsule left outside its container. Capsule interaction was measured by grasping choice among samples of 156 toddlers ages 9-36 months. The same sample was used for Studies 1 and 2, and a second identically sized sample recruited for Study 3. Results from Study 1 indicated toddlers selected the small (49.8% selection) and large (50.2%) capsule with nearly identical frequency. Study 2 largely replicated Study 1: Toddlers selected the small capsule or container of small capsules 26.8% of the time and the large capsule or container of large capsules 22.3% of the time. Study 3 also replicated previous findings: Toddlers selected the smaller capsule 18.0% of the time and the larger 19.2%. We discuss study results, which suggest no appreciable difference in toddler's grasping choice to smaller versus larger laundry capsules.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244481 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Annalise Richmond David C Schwebel Casie H Morgan Zhiwu W Liang Alice Boutoille Pablo Buso Ana Mata Gerard Stijntjes |
spellingShingle |
Annalise Richmond David C Schwebel Casie H Morgan Zhiwu W Liang Alice Boutoille Pablo Buso Ana Mata Gerard Stijntjes The exploration of size and toddler interaction with liquid laundry detergent capsules. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Annalise Richmond David C Schwebel Casie H Morgan Zhiwu W Liang Alice Boutoille Pablo Buso Ana Mata Gerard Stijntjes |
author_sort |
Annalise Richmond |
title |
The exploration of size and toddler interaction with liquid laundry detergent capsules. |
title_short |
The exploration of size and toddler interaction with liquid laundry detergent capsules. |
title_full |
The exploration of size and toddler interaction with liquid laundry detergent capsules. |
title_fullStr |
The exploration of size and toddler interaction with liquid laundry detergent capsules. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The exploration of size and toddler interaction with liquid laundry detergent capsules. |
title_sort |
exploration of size and toddler interaction with liquid laundry detergent capsules. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Liquid laundry capsules have been involved in multiple poisoning incidents with young children in the home. There are a range of contributing factors for these incidents, including influences from industry, culture, home environments, and parenting/supervision. There also are influences from children's behaviour and decisions in reaction to potential hazards. Previous research examined the influence of capsule product appearance and colour on children's behaviour around hazardous household items, but little research examines the influence of product size. This research explored if differences in the size of liquid laundry capsules result in different levels of toddler interaction. We compared two commercially available capsule designs that are identical in physical appearance but differ in physical size. Our research was conducted using three studies: Study 1, forced-choice test in an out-of-context laboratory setting; Study 2, an ecologically-valid, simulated real-world setting replicating a home laundry cabinet with a container of capsules left open; and Study 3, a second ecologically-valid study replicating a home laundry cabinet, this time with a capsule left outside its container. Capsule interaction was measured by grasping choice among samples of 156 toddlers ages 9-36 months. The same sample was used for Studies 1 and 2, and a second identically sized sample recruited for Study 3. Results from Study 1 indicated toddlers selected the small (49.8% selection) and large (50.2%) capsule with nearly identical frequency. Study 2 largely replicated Study 1: Toddlers selected the small capsule or container of small capsules 26.8% of the time and the large capsule or container of large capsules 22.3% of the time. Study 3 also replicated previous findings: Toddlers selected the smaller capsule 18.0% of the time and the larger 19.2%. We discuss study results, which suggest no appreciable difference in toddler's grasping choice to smaller versus larger laundry capsules. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244481 |
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