Overcoming the Inflammatory Stage of Non-Healing Wounds: In Vitro Mechanism of Action of Negatively Charged Microspheres (NCMs)
Negatively charged microspheres (NCMs) represent a new therapeutic approach for wound healing since recent clinical trials have shown NCM efficacy in the recovery of hard-to-heal wounds that tend to stay in the inflammatory phase, unlocking the healing process. The aim of this study was to elucidate...
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doaj-3aef48e17b6f444e822ee8cad2a627552020-11-25T03:14:15ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912020-06-01101108110810.3390/nano10061108Overcoming the Inflammatory Stage of Non-Healing Wounds: In Vitro Mechanism of Action of Negatively Charged Microspheres (NCMs)Edorta Santos-Vizcaino0Aiala Salvador1Claudia Vairo2Manoli Igartua3Rosa Maria Hernandez4Luis Correa5Silvia Villullas6Garazi Gainza7NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), School of Pharmacy, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, SpainNanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), School of Pharmacy, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, SpainNanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), School of Pharmacy, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, SpainNanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), School of Pharmacy, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, SpainNanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), School of Pharmacy, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, SpainPraxis Pharmaceutical, San Fernando de Henares Business Park, Avenida de Castilla 2, Dublin Building 2nd floor, San Fernando de Henares, 28830 Madrid, SpainBioKeralty Research Institute AIE, Albert Einstein, 25-E3, 01510 Miñano, SpainBioKeralty Research Institute AIE, Albert Einstein, 25-E3, 01510 Miñano, SpainNegatively charged microspheres (NCMs) represent a new therapeutic approach for wound healing since recent clinical trials have shown NCM efficacy in the recovery of hard-to-heal wounds that tend to stay in the inflammatory phase, unlocking the healing process. The aim of this study was to elucidate the NCM mechanism of action. NCMs were extracted from a commercial microsphere formulation (PolyHeal<sup>®</sup> Micro) and cytotoxicity, attachment, proliferation and viability assays were performed in keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, while macrophages were used for the phagocytosis and polarization assays. We demonstrated that cells tend to attach to the microsphere surface, and that NCMs are biocompatible and promote cell proliferation at specific concentrations (50 and 10 NCM/cell) by a minimum of 3 fold compared to the control group. Furthermore, NCM internalization by macrophages seemed to drive these cells to a noninflammatory condition, as demonstrated by the over-expression of CD206 and the under-expression of CD64, M2 and M1 markers, respectively. NCMs are an effective approach for reverting the chronic inflammatory state of stagnant wounds (such as diabetic wounds) and thus for improving wound healing.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/6/1108chronic wounddevicefoot ulcerinflammationwound healingmacrophage |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Edorta Santos-Vizcaino Aiala Salvador Claudia Vairo Manoli Igartua Rosa Maria Hernandez Luis Correa Silvia Villullas Garazi Gainza |
spellingShingle |
Edorta Santos-Vizcaino Aiala Salvador Claudia Vairo Manoli Igartua Rosa Maria Hernandez Luis Correa Silvia Villullas Garazi Gainza Overcoming the Inflammatory Stage of Non-Healing Wounds: In Vitro Mechanism of Action of Negatively Charged Microspheres (NCMs) Nanomaterials chronic wound device foot ulcer inflammation wound healing macrophage |
author_facet |
Edorta Santos-Vizcaino Aiala Salvador Claudia Vairo Manoli Igartua Rosa Maria Hernandez Luis Correa Silvia Villullas Garazi Gainza |
author_sort |
Edorta Santos-Vizcaino |
title |
Overcoming the Inflammatory Stage of Non-Healing Wounds: In Vitro Mechanism of Action of Negatively Charged Microspheres (NCMs) |
title_short |
Overcoming the Inflammatory Stage of Non-Healing Wounds: In Vitro Mechanism of Action of Negatively Charged Microspheres (NCMs) |
title_full |
Overcoming the Inflammatory Stage of Non-Healing Wounds: In Vitro Mechanism of Action of Negatively Charged Microspheres (NCMs) |
title_fullStr |
Overcoming the Inflammatory Stage of Non-Healing Wounds: In Vitro Mechanism of Action of Negatively Charged Microspheres (NCMs) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Overcoming the Inflammatory Stage of Non-Healing Wounds: In Vitro Mechanism of Action of Negatively Charged Microspheres (NCMs) |
title_sort |
overcoming the inflammatory stage of non-healing wounds: in vitro mechanism of action of negatively charged microspheres (ncms) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nanomaterials |
issn |
2079-4991 |
publishDate |
2020-06-01 |
description |
Negatively charged microspheres (NCMs) represent a new therapeutic approach for wound healing since recent clinical trials have shown NCM efficacy in the recovery of hard-to-heal wounds that tend to stay in the inflammatory phase, unlocking the healing process. The aim of this study was to elucidate the NCM mechanism of action. NCMs were extracted from a commercial microsphere formulation (PolyHeal<sup>®</sup> Micro) and cytotoxicity, attachment, proliferation and viability assays were performed in keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, while macrophages were used for the phagocytosis and polarization assays. We demonstrated that cells tend to attach to the microsphere surface, and that NCMs are biocompatible and promote cell proliferation at specific concentrations (50 and 10 NCM/cell) by a minimum of 3 fold compared to the control group. Furthermore, NCM internalization by macrophages seemed to drive these cells to a noninflammatory condition, as demonstrated by the over-expression of CD206 and the under-expression of CD64, M2 and M1 markers, respectively. NCMs are an effective approach for reverting the chronic inflammatory state of stagnant wounds (such as diabetic wounds) and thus for improving wound healing. |
topic |
chronic wound device foot ulcer inflammation wound healing macrophage |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/6/1108 |
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