Ammonia nitrogen exposure caused structural damages to gill mitochondria of clam Ruditapes philippinarum
Ammonia nitrogen has been one of the key pollution indicators along the Chinese coastline for quite a few years. Our previous studies have proved that ammonia nitrogen is harmful for Ruditapes philippinarum clam in several aspects. Environmental concentrations of ammonia nitrogen were found to signi...
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doaj-3bbde811dd9c405a902587e24324ccc72021-08-02T04:38:38ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132021-10-01222112528Ammonia nitrogen exposure caused structural damages to gill mitochondria of clam Ruditapes philippinarumMing Cong0Yuanmei Li1Hongchao Xu2Jiasen Lv3Huifeng Wu4Ye Zhao5Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR ChinaOcean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR ChinaBiology School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR ChinaBiology School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China; Corresponding authors.Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Corresponding authors.Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR ChinaAmmonia nitrogen has been one of the key pollution indicators along the Chinese coastline for quite a few years. Our previous studies have proved that ammonia nitrogen is harmful for Ruditapes philippinarum clam in several aspects. Environmental concentrations of ammonia nitrogen were found to significantly decrease ATP contents and disturb ATP metabolism, in addition to reducing the potential across the mitochondrial membrane in clam gill tissues. Accordingly, mitochondrion is considered as one of the target organelles of ammonia nitrogen toxicity in clams. However, there is a lack of direct evidence to prove it. In order to reveal detail information of ammonia nitrogen toxicity on clam mitochondria and screen the related biomarker to indicate ammonia nitrogen pollution, mitochondrial parameters in gill tissues including swelling, mtDNA copy number and marker enzyme (succinic dehydrogenase, SDH) activity were measured after the clams were exposed to 0.1 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L ammonia nitrogen for 3 days and 21 days, respectively. Moreover, adverse effects of ammonia nitrogen exposure on clam mitochondrial ultra-structures, mitochondrial swelling and division were also discriminated under transmission electron microscope (TEM). Final results showed that ammonia nitrogen exposure to both concentrations significantly induced mitochondrial swelling, reduced the number of mitochondria and messed their normal structure, decreased the number of mtDNA copies and down-regulated SDH activity, all in a concentration and duration dependent manner. So, the present study helps us to better understand the structural damage of ammonia nitrogen on mitochondria in clam gill cells and provides fundamental data for ammonia nitrogen control in aquaculture.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321006400Ammonia nitrogenGill mitochondriaSwellingMtDNA copySuccinic dehydrogenaseMitochondrial ultrastructure |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ming Cong Yuanmei Li Hongchao Xu Jiasen Lv Huifeng Wu Ye Zhao |
spellingShingle |
Ming Cong Yuanmei Li Hongchao Xu Jiasen Lv Huifeng Wu Ye Zhao Ammonia nitrogen exposure caused structural damages to gill mitochondria of clam Ruditapes philippinarum Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Ammonia nitrogen Gill mitochondria Swelling MtDNA copy Succinic dehydrogenase Mitochondrial ultrastructure |
author_facet |
Ming Cong Yuanmei Li Hongchao Xu Jiasen Lv Huifeng Wu Ye Zhao |
author_sort |
Ming Cong |
title |
Ammonia nitrogen exposure caused structural damages to gill mitochondria of clam Ruditapes philippinarum |
title_short |
Ammonia nitrogen exposure caused structural damages to gill mitochondria of clam Ruditapes philippinarum |
title_full |
Ammonia nitrogen exposure caused structural damages to gill mitochondria of clam Ruditapes philippinarum |
title_fullStr |
Ammonia nitrogen exposure caused structural damages to gill mitochondria of clam Ruditapes philippinarum |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ammonia nitrogen exposure caused structural damages to gill mitochondria of clam Ruditapes philippinarum |
title_sort |
ammonia nitrogen exposure caused structural damages to gill mitochondria of clam ruditapes philippinarum |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
issn |
0147-6513 |
publishDate |
2021-10-01 |
description |
Ammonia nitrogen has been one of the key pollution indicators along the Chinese coastline for quite a few years. Our previous studies have proved that ammonia nitrogen is harmful for Ruditapes philippinarum clam in several aspects. Environmental concentrations of ammonia nitrogen were found to significantly decrease ATP contents and disturb ATP metabolism, in addition to reducing the potential across the mitochondrial membrane in clam gill tissues. Accordingly, mitochondrion is considered as one of the target organelles of ammonia nitrogen toxicity in clams. However, there is a lack of direct evidence to prove it. In order to reveal detail information of ammonia nitrogen toxicity on clam mitochondria and screen the related biomarker to indicate ammonia nitrogen pollution, mitochondrial parameters in gill tissues including swelling, mtDNA copy number and marker enzyme (succinic dehydrogenase, SDH) activity were measured after the clams were exposed to 0.1 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L ammonia nitrogen for 3 days and 21 days, respectively. Moreover, adverse effects of ammonia nitrogen exposure on clam mitochondrial ultra-structures, mitochondrial swelling and division were also discriminated under transmission electron microscope (TEM). Final results showed that ammonia nitrogen exposure to both concentrations significantly induced mitochondrial swelling, reduced the number of mitochondria and messed their normal structure, decreased the number of mtDNA copies and down-regulated SDH activity, all in a concentration and duration dependent manner. So, the present study helps us to better understand the structural damage of ammonia nitrogen on mitochondria in clam gill cells and provides fundamental data for ammonia nitrogen control in aquaculture. |
topic |
Ammonia nitrogen Gill mitochondria Swelling MtDNA copy Succinic dehydrogenase Mitochondrial ultrastructure |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321006400 |
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