Organizing Twenty-First-Century Activism: From Structure to Strategy in Latin American Social Movements

This article examines how the organizational structure of a social movement affects the tactics it is likely to adopt. Hybrid movements gained prominence at the start of the twenty-first century. Like movements of the past, they protested on the streets; but unlike the movements of the past, they al...

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Main Author: Jessica Alexis Jolicoeur Rich
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Latin American Studies Association 2020-09-01
Series:Latin American Research Review
Online Access:https://larrlasa.org/articles/452
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spelling doaj-3bc5781c20794be4843822f800014e582020-11-25T03:55:10ZengLatin American Studies AssociationLatin American Research Review1542-42782020-09-0155310.25222/larr.452300Organizing Twenty-First-Century Activism: From Structure to Strategy in Latin American Social MovementsJessica Alexis Jolicoeur Rich0Marquette UniversityThis article examines how the organizational structure of a social movement affects the tactics it is likely to adopt. Hybrid movements gained prominence at the start of the twenty-first century. Like movements of the past, they protested on the streets; but unlike the movements of the past, they also acted like interest groups by lobbying government over policy. Considered through the lens of traditional scholarship, this phenomenon presents a puzzle. Loose networks of activists are thought to be good at contentious politics but incapable of negotiating with government. By contrast, federations of interest groups are seen to be good at insider lobbying but subject to co-optation. This article theorizes the middle ground between social movements and interest groups by proposing a third structure for social movement organizing, the federative coalition, which incorporates some of the advantages of hierarchy while avoiding some of its pitfalls. The article illustrates this argument through a case study of Brazil’s AIDS movement.   Resumo Este artigo analisa o papel da estrutura organizacional de um movimento social em determinar as táticas que ele adota. Movimentos “híbridos” surgiram na América Latina na virada do século XXI. Parecidos aos movimentos do passado, eles protestavam na rua; mas diferente dos movimentos do passado, eles também se portavam como grupos de interesse por negociar com oficiais do governo acerca de políticas. No olhar das teorias tradicionais de movimentos sociais, este fenômeno apresenta um paradoxo. Redes soltas de ativistas são apresentadas na literatura como movimentos com alta capacidade para fazer protestos, mas têm pouca capacidade de fazer 'lobby'. Por contraste, federações de grupos de interesse são vistas como capazes de negociação, mas sujeitas à cooptação. Este artigo teoriza o meio-termo entre movimentos sociais e grupos de interesse, propondo uma terceira estrutura para organizar movimentos sociais—a coalizão federativa—que incorpora algumas das vantagens da hierarquia ao mesmo tempo em que evita algumas das armadilhas. O artigo ilustra o argumento com um estudo de caso do movimento brasileiro de combate à HIV/AIDS.https://larrlasa.org/articles/452
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Jessica Alexis Jolicoeur Rich
spellingShingle Jessica Alexis Jolicoeur Rich
Organizing Twenty-First-Century Activism: From Structure to Strategy in Latin American Social Movements
Latin American Research Review
author_facet Jessica Alexis Jolicoeur Rich
author_sort Jessica Alexis Jolicoeur Rich
title Organizing Twenty-First-Century Activism: From Structure to Strategy in Latin American Social Movements
title_short Organizing Twenty-First-Century Activism: From Structure to Strategy in Latin American Social Movements
title_full Organizing Twenty-First-Century Activism: From Structure to Strategy in Latin American Social Movements
title_fullStr Organizing Twenty-First-Century Activism: From Structure to Strategy in Latin American Social Movements
title_full_unstemmed Organizing Twenty-First-Century Activism: From Structure to Strategy in Latin American Social Movements
title_sort organizing twenty-first-century activism: from structure to strategy in latin american social movements
publisher Latin American Studies Association
series Latin American Research Review
issn 1542-4278
publishDate 2020-09-01
description This article examines how the organizational structure of a social movement affects the tactics it is likely to adopt. Hybrid movements gained prominence at the start of the twenty-first century. Like movements of the past, they protested on the streets; but unlike the movements of the past, they also acted like interest groups by lobbying government over policy. Considered through the lens of traditional scholarship, this phenomenon presents a puzzle. Loose networks of activists are thought to be good at contentious politics but incapable of negotiating with government. By contrast, federations of interest groups are seen to be good at insider lobbying but subject to co-optation. This article theorizes the middle ground between social movements and interest groups by proposing a third structure for social movement organizing, the federative coalition, which incorporates some of the advantages of hierarchy while avoiding some of its pitfalls. The article illustrates this argument through a case study of Brazil’s AIDS movement.   Resumo Este artigo analisa o papel da estrutura organizacional de um movimento social em determinar as táticas que ele adota. Movimentos “híbridos” surgiram na América Latina na virada do século XXI. Parecidos aos movimentos do passado, eles protestavam na rua; mas diferente dos movimentos do passado, eles também se portavam como grupos de interesse por negociar com oficiais do governo acerca de políticas. No olhar das teorias tradicionais de movimentos sociais, este fenômeno apresenta um paradoxo. Redes soltas de ativistas são apresentadas na literatura como movimentos com alta capacidade para fazer protestos, mas têm pouca capacidade de fazer 'lobby'. Por contraste, federações de grupos de interesse são vistas como capazes de negociação, mas sujeitas à cooptação. Este artigo teoriza o meio-termo entre movimentos sociais e grupos de interesse, propondo uma terceira estrutura para organizar movimentos sociais—a coalizão federativa—que incorpora algumas das vantagens da hierarquia ao mesmo tempo em que evita algumas das armadilhas. O artigo ilustra o argumento com um estudo de caso do movimento brasileiro de combate à HIV/AIDS.
url https://larrlasa.org/articles/452
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