In Vitro Screening of Plant Materials to Reduce Ruminal Protozoal Population and Mitigate Ammonia and Methane Emissions
Alternative feed sources can be utilized to reduce enteric methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions, a major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of tropical plants to improve digestibility, reduce protozoal populations, improve rume...
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doaj-3bd9a6de5f784189b63c0dd39f83feb02021-09-26T00:07:39ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372021-08-01716616610.3390/fermentation7030166In Vitro Screening of Plant Materials to Reduce Ruminal Protozoal Population and Mitigate Ammonia and Methane EmissionsPichad Khejornsart0Anusorn Cherdthong1Metha Wanapat2Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, ThailandTropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandTropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandAlternative feed sources can be utilized to reduce enteric methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions, a major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of tropical plants to improve digestibility, reduce protozoal populations, improve rumen fermentation, and minimize methane emissions from ruminants. The plants considered herein grow in tropical climates, are easily accessible in large quantities, and are directly related to human food production. Nine plants that grow naturally in tropical climates were assessed. Plant supplementation substantially enhanced accumulative gas production at 24 h (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The apparent organic matter digestibility (AOMDvt) of the diet was not affected by five of the nine plants. With the addition of the plant material, ammonia nitrogen concentrations were reduced by up to 47% and methane concentrations were reduced by 54%. Five of the nine plant materials reduced methane production in terms of CH<sub>4</sub>/dry matter and CH<sub>4</sub>/digestibility of the organic matter by 15–35% and 8–24%, respectively. In conclusion, supplementation with plants with high tannin contents was shown to be a viable strategy for improving rumen fermentation, reducing protozoal populations, and limiting methane emissions. In this regard, the leaves of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i>, <i>Acmella oleracea</i>, <i>Careya arborea</i>, and <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> were especially promising.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/7/3/166phytochemicalprotozoaruminal fermentationtanninsmethanogenesisammonia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Pichad Khejornsart Anusorn Cherdthong Metha Wanapat |
spellingShingle |
Pichad Khejornsart Anusorn Cherdthong Metha Wanapat In Vitro Screening of Plant Materials to Reduce Ruminal Protozoal Population and Mitigate Ammonia and Methane Emissions Fermentation phytochemical protozoa ruminal fermentation tannins methanogenesis ammonia |
author_facet |
Pichad Khejornsart Anusorn Cherdthong Metha Wanapat |
author_sort |
Pichad Khejornsart |
title |
In Vitro Screening of Plant Materials to Reduce Ruminal Protozoal Population and Mitigate Ammonia and Methane Emissions |
title_short |
In Vitro Screening of Plant Materials to Reduce Ruminal Protozoal Population and Mitigate Ammonia and Methane Emissions |
title_full |
In Vitro Screening of Plant Materials to Reduce Ruminal Protozoal Population and Mitigate Ammonia and Methane Emissions |
title_fullStr |
In Vitro Screening of Plant Materials to Reduce Ruminal Protozoal Population and Mitigate Ammonia and Methane Emissions |
title_full_unstemmed |
In Vitro Screening of Plant Materials to Reduce Ruminal Protozoal Population and Mitigate Ammonia and Methane Emissions |
title_sort |
in vitro screening of plant materials to reduce ruminal protozoal population and mitigate ammonia and methane emissions |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Fermentation |
issn |
2311-5637 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Alternative feed sources can be utilized to reduce enteric methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions, a major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of tropical plants to improve digestibility, reduce protozoal populations, improve rumen fermentation, and minimize methane emissions from ruminants. The plants considered herein grow in tropical climates, are easily accessible in large quantities, and are directly related to human food production. Nine plants that grow naturally in tropical climates were assessed. Plant supplementation substantially enhanced accumulative gas production at 24 h (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The apparent organic matter digestibility (AOMDvt) of the diet was not affected by five of the nine plants. With the addition of the plant material, ammonia nitrogen concentrations were reduced by up to 47% and methane concentrations were reduced by 54%. Five of the nine plant materials reduced methane production in terms of CH<sub>4</sub>/dry matter and CH<sub>4</sub>/digestibility of the organic matter by 15–35% and 8–24%, respectively. In conclusion, supplementation with plants with high tannin contents was shown to be a viable strategy for improving rumen fermentation, reducing protozoal populations, and limiting methane emissions. In this regard, the leaves of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i>, <i>Acmella oleracea</i>, <i>Careya arborea</i>, and <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> were especially promising. |
topic |
phytochemical protozoa ruminal fermentation tannins methanogenesis ammonia |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/7/3/166 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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