Synthesis and Characterization of New Imidazole Phthalocyanine for Photodegradation of Micro-Organic Pollutants from Sea Water
In this study, a series of new metal phthalocyanines with imidazole function MPc(Imz) (M: Cd, Hg, Zn and Pd) were synthesized to improve the photocatalyst performances. All physical properties such as total energy, HOMO, LUMO energies of MPc(Imz), as well as their vibrational frequencies have been d...
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-08-01
|
Series: | Catalysts |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/8/906 |
id |
doaj-3d169d9524f44064b63e4458e7c5721a |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-3d169d9524f44064b63e4458e7c5721a2020-11-25T04:00:11ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442020-08-011090690610.3390/catal10080906Synthesis and Characterization of New Imidazole Phthalocyanine for Photodegradation of Micro-Organic Pollutants from Sea WaterBassem Jamoussi0Radhouane Chakroun1Abdelmajid Timoumi2Khaled Essalah3Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaPhysics Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 715, Saudi ArabiaInstitut Préparatoire aux Etudes d′Ingénieurs d′El Manar, Université Tunis El Manar, Unité de Recherche en Sciences Fondamentales et Didactique, Equipe de Chimie Théorique et Réactivité (UR14ES10), Tunis B.P. 244, Tunis 2092, TunisiaIn this study, a series of new metal phthalocyanines with imidazole function MPc(Imz) (M: Cd, Hg, Zn and Pd) were synthesized to improve the photocatalyst performances. All physical properties such as total energy, HOMO, LUMO energies of MPc(Imz), as well as their vibrational frequencies have been determined by DFT method using B3LYP theory level at 6-311G (d, p) and sdd basis set. The gap of energy level between work function (WF) of ITO and LUMO of PdPc(Imdz) was 1.53 eV and represents the highest barrier beneficial to electron injection compared to WF of ZnPc(Imz), HgPc(Imz), and CdPc(Imz). Furthermore, the PdPc(Imdz) thin films on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass were prepared by spin coating and vacuum evaporation technique, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface electron morphology (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the ITO/glass supported thin films and degradation rates of chlorinated phenols in synthetic seawater, under visible light irradiation were optimized to achieve conversions of 80–90%. Experiments on synthetic seawater samples showed that the chloride-specific increase in photodegradation could be attributed to photochemically generated chloride radicals rather than other photoproduced reactive intermediates [e.g., excited-state triplet PdPc(Imz) (<sup>3</sup>PdPc(Imz)*), reactive oxygen species]. The major 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol degradation intermediates identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were 2,3,5-Trichlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol, dichlorodihydroxy-benzene and 3,4,5-trichlorocatechol.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/8/906metal phthalocyaninenew imidazolephotodgradationDFT methodseawatercatalysis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Bassem Jamoussi Radhouane Chakroun Abdelmajid Timoumi Khaled Essalah |
spellingShingle |
Bassem Jamoussi Radhouane Chakroun Abdelmajid Timoumi Khaled Essalah Synthesis and Characterization of New Imidazole Phthalocyanine for Photodegradation of Micro-Organic Pollutants from Sea Water Catalysts metal phthalocyanine new imidazole photodgradation DFT method seawater catalysis |
author_facet |
Bassem Jamoussi Radhouane Chakroun Abdelmajid Timoumi Khaled Essalah |
author_sort |
Bassem Jamoussi |
title |
Synthesis and Characterization of New Imidazole Phthalocyanine for Photodegradation of Micro-Organic Pollutants from Sea Water |
title_short |
Synthesis and Characterization of New Imidazole Phthalocyanine for Photodegradation of Micro-Organic Pollutants from Sea Water |
title_full |
Synthesis and Characterization of New Imidazole Phthalocyanine for Photodegradation of Micro-Organic Pollutants from Sea Water |
title_fullStr |
Synthesis and Characterization of New Imidazole Phthalocyanine for Photodegradation of Micro-Organic Pollutants from Sea Water |
title_full_unstemmed |
Synthesis and Characterization of New Imidazole Phthalocyanine for Photodegradation of Micro-Organic Pollutants from Sea Water |
title_sort |
synthesis and characterization of new imidazole phthalocyanine for photodegradation of micro-organic pollutants from sea water |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Catalysts |
issn |
2073-4344 |
publishDate |
2020-08-01 |
description |
In this study, a series of new metal phthalocyanines with imidazole function MPc(Imz) (M: Cd, Hg, Zn and Pd) were synthesized to improve the photocatalyst performances. All physical properties such as total energy, HOMO, LUMO energies of MPc(Imz), as well as their vibrational frequencies have been determined by DFT method using B3LYP theory level at 6-311G (d, p) and sdd basis set. The gap of energy level between work function (WF) of ITO and LUMO of PdPc(Imdz) was 1.53 eV and represents the highest barrier beneficial to electron injection compared to WF of ZnPc(Imz), HgPc(Imz), and CdPc(Imz). Furthermore, the PdPc(Imdz) thin films on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass were prepared by spin coating and vacuum evaporation technique, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface electron morphology (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the ITO/glass supported thin films and degradation rates of chlorinated phenols in synthetic seawater, under visible light irradiation were optimized to achieve conversions of 80–90%. Experiments on synthetic seawater samples showed that the chloride-specific increase in photodegradation could be attributed to photochemically generated chloride radicals rather than other photoproduced reactive intermediates [e.g., excited-state triplet PdPc(Imz) (<sup>3</sup>PdPc(Imz)*), reactive oxygen species]. The major 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol degradation intermediates identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were 2,3,5-Trichlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol, dichlorodihydroxy-benzene and 3,4,5-trichlorocatechol. |
topic |
metal phthalocyanine new imidazole photodgradation DFT method seawater catalysis |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/8/906 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT bassemjamoussi synthesisandcharacterizationofnewimidazolephthalocyanineforphotodegradationofmicroorganicpollutantsfromseawater AT radhouanechakroun synthesisandcharacterizationofnewimidazolephthalocyanineforphotodegradationofmicroorganicpollutantsfromseawater AT abdelmajidtimoumi synthesisandcharacterizationofnewimidazolephthalocyanineforphotodegradationofmicroorganicpollutantsfromseawater AT khaledessalah synthesisandcharacterizationofnewimidazolephthalocyanineforphotodegradationofmicroorganicpollutantsfromseawater |
_version_ |
1724452030331748352 |