Commercial African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Recirculating Aquaculture Systems: Assessment of Element and Energy Pathways with Special Focus on the Phosphorus Cycle
The reuse of effluent waters and sediments from African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) recirculation aquaculture systems requires a deeper understanding of the nutrient and energy flows and material pathways. Three semi-commercial systems, differing in stocking density, were sampled for nutritive and...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-05-01
|
Series: | Sustainability |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/6/1805 |
id |
doaj-3e292e0c278742ccb66fcafe875606b2 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-3e292e0c278742ccb66fcafe875606b22020-11-24T21:25:02ZengMDPI AGSustainability2071-10502018-05-01106180510.3390/su10061805su10061805Commercial African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Recirculating Aquaculture Systems: Assessment of Element and Energy Pathways with Special Focus on the Phosphorus CycleSebastian Marcus Strauch0Lisa Carolina Wenzel1Adrian Bischoff2Olaf Dellwig3Jan Klein4Andrea Schüch5Berit Wasenitz6Harry Wilhelm Palm7Department of Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, GermanyDepartment of Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, GermanyDepartment of Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, GermanyMarine Geology, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, IOW, 18119 Rostock, GermanyDepartment of Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, GermanyDepartment of Waste and Resource Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, GermanyDepartment of Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, GermanyDepartment of Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, GermanyThe reuse of effluent waters and sediments from African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) recirculation aquaculture systems requires a deeper understanding of the nutrient and energy flows and material pathways. Three semi-commercial systems, differing in stocking density, were sampled for nutritive and pollutant elements of the input- (tap water, feed) and output pathways (fillet, carcass, process water, sediments) by ICP-OES/MS and calorimetry. Highly water-soluble elements, e.g., potassium, accumulated in the water, whereas iron, copper, chromium and uranium where found in the solids. Feed derived phosphorous was accounted for, 58.3–64.2% inside the fish, 9.7–19.3% in sediments, and small amounts 9.6–15.5% in the process waters. A total of 7.1–9.9% of the feed accumulated as dry matter in the sediments, comprising 5.5–8.7% total organic carbon and 3.7–5.2% nitrogen. A total of 44.5–47.1% of the feed energy was found in the fish and 5.7–7.7% in the sediments. For reuse of water and nutrients in hydroponics, the macro-nutrients potassium, nitrate, phosphorus and the micro-nutrient iron were deficient when compared with generalized recommendations for plant nutrition. Low energy contents and C/N-ratio restrict the solely use of African catfish solids for biogas production or vermiculture. Using the outputs both for biogas supplement and general fertilizer in aquaponics farming (s.l.) (combined with additional nutrients) appears possible.http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/6/1805African catfishrecirculating aquaculture systemsmass balancephosphorusnutrientspollutantsenergysolid wastesaquaponicscircular economy |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sebastian Marcus Strauch Lisa Carolina Wenzel Adrian Bischoff Olaf Dellwig Jan Klein Andrea Schüch Berit Wasenitz Harry Wilhelm Palm |
spellingShingle |
Sebastian Marcus Strauch Lisa Carolina Wenzel Adrian Bischoff Olaf Dellwig Jan Klein Andrea Schüch Berit Wasenitz Harry Wilhelm Palm Commercial African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Recirculating Aquaculture Systems: Assessment of Element and Energy Pathways with Special Focus on the Phosphorus Cycle Sustainability African catfish recirculating aquaculture systems mass balance phosphorus nutrients pollutants energy solid wastes aquaponics circular economy |
author_facet |
Sebastian Marcus Strauch Lisa Carolina Wenzel Adrian Bischoff Olaf Dellwig Jan Klein Andrea Schüch Berit Wasenitz Harry Wilhelm Palm |
author_sort |
Sebastian Marcus Strauch |
title |
Commercial African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Recirculating Aquaculture Systems: Assessment of Element and Energy Pathways with Special Focus on the Phosphorus Cycle |
title_short |
Commercial African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Recirculating Aquaculture Systems: Assessment of Element and Energy Pathways with Special Focus on the Phosphorus Cycle |
title_full |
Commercial African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Recirculating Aquaculture Systems: Assessment of Element and Energy Pathways with Special Focus on the Phosphorus Cycle |
title_fullStr |
Commercial African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Recirculating Aquaculture Systems: Assessment of Element and Energy Pathways with Special Focus on the Phosphorus Cycle |
title_full_unstemmed |
Commercial African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Recirculating Aquaculture Systems: Assessment of Element and Energy Pathways with Special Focus on the Phosphorus Cycle |
title_sort |
commercial african catfish (clarias gariepinus) recirculating aquaculture systems: assessment of element and energy pathways with special focus on the phosphorus cycle |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sustainability |
issn |
2071-1050 |
publishDate |
2018-05-01 |
description |
The reuse of effluent waters and sediments from African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) recirculation aquaculture systems requires a deeper understanding of the nutrient and energy flows and material pathways. Three semi-commercial systems, differing in stocking density, were sampled for nutritive and pollutant elements of the input- (tap water, feed) and output pathways (fillet, carcass, process water, sediments) by ICP-OES/MS and calorimetry. Highly water-soluble elements, e.g., potassium, accumulated in the water, whereas iron, copper, chromium and uranium where found in the solids. Feed derived phosphorous was accounted for, 58.3–64.2% inside the fish, 9.7–19.3% in sediments, and small amounts 9.6–15.5% in the process waters. A total of 7.1–9.9% of the feed accumulated as dry matter in the sediments, comprising 5.5–8.7% total organic carbon and 3.7–5.2% nitrogen. A total of 44.5–47.1% of the feed energy was found in the fish and 5.7–7.7% in the sediments. For reuse of water and nutrients in hydroponics, the macro-nutrients potassium, nitrate, phosphorus and the micro-nutrient iron were deficient when compared with generalized recommendations for plant nutrition. Low energy contents and C/N-ratio restrict the solely use of African catfish solids for biogas production or vermiculture. Using the outputs both for biogas supplement and general fertilizer in aquaponics farming (s.l.) (combined with additional nutrients) appears possible. |
topic |
African catfish recirculating aquaculture systems mass balance phosphorus nutrients pollutants energy solid wastes aquaponics circular economy |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/6/1805 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT sebastianmarcusstrauch commercialafricancatfishclariasgariepinusrecirculatingaquaculturesystemsassessmentofelementandenergypathwayswithspecialfocusonthephosphoruscycle AT lisacarolinawenzel commercialafricancatfishclariasgariepinusrecirculatingaquaculturesystemsassessmentofelementandenergypathwayswithspecialfocusonthephosphoruscycle AT adrianbischoff commercialafricancatfishclariasgariepinusrecirculatingaquaculturesystemsassessmentofelementandenergypathwayswithspecialfocusonthephosphoruscycle AT olafdellwig commercialafricancatfishclariasgariepinusrecirculatingaquaculturesystemsassessmentofelementandenergypathwayswithspecialfocusonthephosphoruscycle AT janklein commercialafricancatfishclariasgariepinusrecirculatingaquaculturesystemsassessmentofelementandenergypathwayswithspecialfocusonthephosphoruscycle AT andreaschuch commercialafricancatfishclariasgariepinusrecirculatingaquaculturesystemsassessmentofelementandenergypathwayswithspecialfocusonthephosphoruscycle AT beritwasenitz commercialafricancatfishclariasgariepinusrecirculatingaquaculturesystemsassessmentofelementandenergypathwayswithspecialfocusonthephosphoruscycle AT harrywilhelmpalm commercialafricancatfishclariasgariepinusrecirculatingaquaculturesystemsassessmentofelementandenergypathwayswithspecialfocusonthephosphoruscycle |
_version_ |
1725985207920623616 |