The Efficacy of Selected Synthetic Insecticides and Botanicals against Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, in Maize
Fall armyworm (FAW) was reported for the first time in Africa in 2016. FAW is widely distributed in Ethiopia, causing significant damage to maize. Nine synthetic insecticides belonging to different chemical groups and 11 pesticidal plants (botanicals) were tested for their efficacy against FAW under...
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doaj-3e8a0b46acb14d0fa7d2130271e5eeaf2020-11-25T01:59:03ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502019-02-011024510.3390/insects10020045insects10020045The Efficacy of Selected Synthetic Insecticides and Botanicals against Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, in MaizeBirhanu Sisay0Tadele Tefera1Mulatu Wakgari2Gashawbeza Ayalew3Esayas Mendesil4School of Pant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, EthiopiaInternational Center of Insect Physiology & Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaSchool of Pant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, EthiopiaMelkasa Agricultural Research Centre, P.O. Box 436, Adama, EthiopiaCollege of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, EthiopiaFall armyworm (FAW) was reported for the first time in Africa in 2016. FAW is widely distributed in Ethiopia, causing significant damage to maize. Nine synthetic insecticides belonging to different chemical groups and 11 pesticidal plants (botanicals) were tested for their efficacy against FAW under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions. In the laboratory, Radiant, Tracer, Karate, and Ampligo caused over 90% larval mortality 72 h after application. Malathion had moderate activity, causing 51.7% mortality 72 h after application, while Carbaryl was less effective, causing 28% mortality 72 h after application. In the greenhouse experiment, all synthetic insecticides reduced foliar damage to maize compared to the untreated control. Chemical sprays did not affect plant height, stem thickness, or leaf number. The highest fresh weight (471 g) was obtained from plants treated with Radiant. Among the botanicals tested, <i>Azadirachta indica</i>, <i>Schinnus molle</i>, and <i>Phytolacca dodecandra</i> resulted in the highest percentage larval mortality (>95%) 72 h after application. In the field, non-treated control plants showed extensive leaf injury compared to the synthetic insecticide- and botanical-treated plants. The synthetic insecticides and botanicals that showed high efficacy against FAW larvae can be used as components for integrated pest management (IPM) plans for FAW under smallholder farmer conditions in Ethiopia and elsewhere in Africa.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/2/45bioassaycerealfall armywormintegrated pest managementinvasive pest |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Birhanu Sisay Tadele Tefera Mulatu Wakgari Gashawbeza Ayalew Esayas Mendesil |
spellingShingle |
Birhanu Sisay Tadele Tefera Mulatu Wakgari Gashawbeza Ayalew Esayas Mendesil The Efficacy of Selected Synthetic Insecticides and Botanicals against Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, in Maize Insects bioassay cereal fall armyworm integrated pest management invasive pest |
author_facet |
Birhanu Sisay Tadele Tefera Mulatu Wakgari Gashawbeza Ayalew Esayas Mendesil |
author_sort |
Birhanu Sisay |
title |
The Efficacy of Selected Synthetic Insecticides and Botanicals against Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, in Maize |
title_short |
The Efficacy of Selected Synthetic Insecticides and Botanicals against Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, in Maize |
title_full |
The Efficacy of Selected Synthetic Insecticides and Botanicals against Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, in Maize |
title_fullStr |
The Efficacy of Selected Synthetic Insecticides and Botanicals against Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, in Maize |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Efficacy of Selected Synthetic Insecticides and Botanicals against Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, in Maize |
title_sort |
efficacy of selected synthetic insecticides and botanicals against fall armyworm, <i>spodoptera frugiperda</i>, in maize |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Insects |
issn |
2075-4450 |
publishDate |
2019-02-01 |
description |
Fall armyworm (FAW) was reported for the first time in Africa in 2016. FAW is widely distributed in Ethiopia, causing significant damage to maize. Nine synthetic insecticides belonging to different chemical groups and 11 pesticidal plants (botanicals) were tested for their efficacy against FAW under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions. In the laboratory, Radiant, Tracer, Karate, and Ampligo caused over 90% larval mortality 72 h after application. Malathion had moderate activity, causing 51.7% mortality 72 h after application, while Carbaryl was less effective, causing 28% mortality 72 h after application. In the greenhouse experiment, all synthetic insecticides reduced foliar damage to maize compared to the untreated control. Chemical sprays did not affect plant height, stem thickness, or leaf number. The highest fresh weight (471 g) was obtained from plants treated with Radiant. Among the botanicals tested, <i>Azadirachta indica</i>, <i>Schinnus molle</i>, and <i>Phytolacca dodecandra</i> resulted in the highest percentage larval mortality (>95%) 72 h after application. In the field, non-treated control plants showed extensive leaf injury compared to the synthetic insecticide- and botanical-treated plants. The synthetic insecticides and botanicals that showed high efficacy against FAW larvae can be used as components for integrated pest management (IPM) plans for FAW under smallholder farmer conditions in Ethiopia and elsewhere in Africa. |
topic |
bioassay cereal fall armyworm integrated pest management invasive pest |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/2/45 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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