Enhanced Attraction of Arthropod Vectors to Infected Vertebrates: A Review of Empirical Evidence
A large diversity of parasites manipulates their hosts in various ways to complete their own life cycle. Enhancing the attractiveness of their host to vectors has been suggested as a strategy allowing vector-borne parasites to increase their transmission. Indeed, a higher attraction of hematophagous...
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doaj-3ea1f3f6560949c9b5bc7c789fbadb192020-11-25T03:48:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution2296-701X2020-09-01810.3389/fevo.2020.568140568140Enhanced Attraction of Arthropod Vectors to Infected Vertebrates: A Review of Empirical EvidenceCamille-Sophie Cozzarolo0Olivier Glaizot1Olivier Glaizot2Philippe Christe3Romain Pigeault4Département d’Ecologie et d’Evolution, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDépartement d’Ecologie et d’Evolution, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandMusée Cantonal de Zoologie, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDépartement d’Ecologie et d’Evolution, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDépartement d’Ecologie et d’Evolution, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandA large diversity of parasites manipulates their hosts in various ways to complete their own life cycle. Enhancing the attractiveness of their host to vectors has been suggested as a strategy allowing vector-borne parasites to increase their transmission. Indeed, a higher attraction of hematophagous, arthropod vectors to infected vertebrates compared to uninfected individuals has been found in many systems (e.g., Trypanosoma-tsetse flies, Leishmania-sand flies, Borrelia-ticks) but was most often verified in the Plasmodium-mosquitoes model. However, a number of studies found no difference in attractiveness, or a higher attractiveness of uninfected hosts. In this review, we present studies reporting a comparison of the attractiveness and/or the biting rate of infected and uninfected vertebrates. We then discuss several biological factors and experimental design aspects that can explain discrepancies between studies. Finally, we stress the importance of investigating the mechanisms of parasite-induced increased attractiveness of infected hosts to conclude that such observations are cases of adaptive manipulation.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fevo.2020.568140/fullattractivenessextended phenotypehematophagous arthropodshost-choicehost-seekingmanipulation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Camille-Sophie Cozzarolo Olivier Glaizot Olivier Glaizot Philippe Christe Romain Pigeault |
spellingShingle |
Camille-Sophie Cozzarolo Olivier Glaizot Olivier Glaizot Philippe Christe Romain Pigeault Enhanced Attraction of Arthropod Vectors to Infected Vertebrates: A Review of Empirical Evidence Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution attractiveness extended phenotype hematophagous arthropods host-choice host-seeking manipulation |
author_facet |
Camille-Sophie Cozzarolo Olivier Glaizot Olivier Glaizot Philippe Christe Romain Pigeault |
author_sort |
Camille-Sophie Cozzarolo |
title |
Enhanced Attraction of Arthropod Vectors to Infected Vertebrates: A Review of Empirical Evidence |
title_short |
Enhanced Attraction of Arthropod Vectors to Infected Vertebrates: A Review of Empirical Evidence |
title_full |
Enhanced Attraction of Arthropod Vectors to Infected Vertebrates: A Review of Empirical Evidence |
title_fullStr |
Enhanced Attraction of Arthropod Vectors to Infected Vertebrates: A Review of Empirical Evidence |
title_full_unstemmed |
Enhanced Attraction of Arthropod Vectors to Infected Vertebrates: A Review of Empirical Evidence |
title_sort |
enhanced attraction of arthropod vectors to infected vertebrates: a review of empirical evidence |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
issn |
2296-701X |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
A large diversity of parasites manipulates their hosts in various ways to complete their own life cycle. Enhancing the attractiveness of their host to vectors has been suggested as a strategy allowing vector-borne parasites to increase their transmission. Indeed, a higher attraction of hematophagous, arthropod vectors to infected vertebrates compared to uninfected individuals has been found in many systems (e.g., Trypanosoma-tsetse flies, Leishmania-sand flies, Borrelia-ticks) but was most often verified in the Plasmodium-mosquitoes model. However, a number of studies found no difference in attractiveness, or a higher attractiveness of uninfected hosts. In this review, we present studies reporting a comparison of the attractiveness and/or the biting rate of infected and uninfected vertebrates. We then discuss several biological factors and experimental design aspects that can explain discrepancies between studies. Finally, we stress the importance of investigating the mechanisms of parasite-induced increased attractiveness of infected hosts to conclude that such observations are cases of adaptive manipulation. |
topic |
attractiveness extended phenotype hematophagous arthropods host-choice host-seeking manipulation |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fevo.2020.568140/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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