Geopolitics and Marine Conservation: Synergies and Conflicts
Transboundary conservation has an important, yet often undervalued, role in the international conservation regime. When applied to the legally ambiguous and interconnected marine environment this is magnified. The lack of clear guidance for transboundary marine conservation from the international co...
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Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-12-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00759/full |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Peter Charles Mackelworth Peter Charles Mackelworth Yael Teff Seker Tomás Vega Fernández Márcia Marques Fátima Lopes Alves Giovanni D’Anna Darren A. Fa David Goldborough Zacharoula Kyriazi Zacharoula Kyriazi Cristina Pita Michelle E. Portman Bob Rumes Stephen J. Warr Draško Holcer Draško Holcer |
spellingShingle |
Peter Charles Mackelworth Peter Charles Mackelworth Yael Teff Seker Tomás Vega Fernández Márcia Marques Fátima Lopes Alves Giovanni D’Anna Darren A. Fa David Goldborough Zacharoula Kyriazi Zacharoula Kyriazi Cristina Pita Michelle E. Portman Bob Rumes Stephen J. Warr Draško Holcer Draško Holcer Geopolitics and Marine Conservation: Synergies and Conflicts Frontiers in Marine Science transboundary conservation conservation planning ocean grabbing adjacency marine protected areas fishery restricted areas |
author_facet |
Peter Charles Mackelworth Peter Charles Mackelworth Yael Teff Seker Tomás Vega Fernández Márcia Marques Fátima Lopes Alves Giovanni D’Anna Darren A. Fa David Goldborough Zacharoula Kyriazi Zacharoula Kyriazi Cristina Pita Michelle E. Portman Bob Rumes Stephen J. Warr Draško Holcer Draško Holcer |
author_sort |
Peter Charles Mackelworth |
title |
Geopolitics and Marine Conservation: Synergies and Conflicts |
title_short |
Geopolitics and Marine Conservation: Synergies and Conflicts |
title_full |
Geopolitics and Marine Conservation: Synergies and Conflicts |
title_fullStr |
Geopolitics and Marine Conservation: Synergies and Conflicts |
title_full_unstemmed |
Geopolitics and Marine Conservation: Synergies and Conflicts |
title_sort |
geopolitics and marine conservation: synergies and conflicts |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
issn |
2296-7745 |
publishDate |
2019-12-01 |
description |
Transboundary conservation has an important, yet often undervalued, role in the international conservation regime. When applied to the legally ambiguous and interconnected marine environment this is magnified. The lack of clear guidance for transboundary marine conservation from the international conservation community exacerbates this problem, leaving individual initiatives to develop their own governance arrangements. Yet, well-managed transboundary marine protected areas (MPAs) have the potential to contribute significantly to global conservation aims. Conversely, in a period where there is increasing interest in marine resources and space from all sectors, the designation of MPAs can create or amplify a regional conflict. In some instances, states have used MPAs to extend rights over disputed marine resources, restrict the freedom of others and establish sovereignty over maritime space. Six case studies were taken from Europe, North Africa and the Middle East to illustrate how states have interpreted and utilized different legislative mechanisms to either come together or diverge over the governance of marine resources or maritime space. Each of the case studies illustrates how different actors have used the same legislative tools, but with different interpretations and applications, to justify their claims. It is clear that the role of science combined with a deeper engagement with stakeholders can play a critical role in tempering conflict between states. Where states are willing to cooperate, the absence of clear guidelines at the global level means that often ad hoc measures are put into place, with the international frameworks then playing catch up. Balancing different jurisdictional claims with the conservation of the marine environment, whilst considering the increasing special economic interests will become increasingly difficult. Developing a transboundary conservation tool, such as the simple conservation caveats found in the Barcelona Convention and Antarctic Convention, which allow for the establishment of intergovernmental cooperation without prejudicing any outstanding jurisdictional issue, would provide a framework for the development of individual transboundary MPAs. |
topic |
transboundary conservation conservation planning ocean grabbing adjacency marine protected areas fishery restricted areas |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00759/full |
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doaj-3f39e0d344e047d987fa79f62f55e74f2020-11-25T01:45:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452019-12-01610.3389/fmars.2019.00759491102Geopolitics and Marine Conservation: Synergies and ConflictsPeter Charles Mackelworth0Peter Charles Mackelworth1Yael Teff Seker2Tomás Vega Fernández3Márcia Marques4Fátima Lopes Alves5Giovanni D’Anna6Darren A. Fa7David Goldborough8Zacharoula Kyriazi9Zacharoula Kyriazi10Cristina Pita11Michelle E. Portman12Bob Rumes13Stephen J. Warr14Draško Holcer15Draško Holcer16Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Veli Lošinj, CroatiaInstitute for Tourism, Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Kiryiat Ha Technion, Haifa, IsraelStazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Environment and Planning and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, PortugalDepartment of Environment and Planning and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, PortugalCNR-IAS, Castellammare del Golfo, ItalyInstitute of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, United KingdomVan Hall Larenstein, University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, NetherlandsFaculty of Law, Department of Public International Law, Maritime Institute, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium0Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Argyroupoli, GreeceDepartment of Environment and Planning and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, PortugalFaculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Kiryiat Ha Technion, Haifa, Israel1Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, BelgiumInstitute of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, United KingdomBlue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Veli Lošinj, Croatia2Department of Zoology, Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, CroatiaTransboundary conservation has an important, yet often undervalued, role in the international conservation regime. When applied to the legally ambiguous and interconnected marine environment this is magnified. The lack of clear guidance for transboundary marine conservation from the international conservation community exacerbates this problem, leaving individual initiatives to develop their own governance arrangements. Yet, well-managed transboundary marine protected areas (MPAs) have the potential to contribute significantly to global conservation aims. Conversely, in a period where there is increasing interest in marine resources and space from all sectors, the designation of MPAs can create or amplify a regional conflict. In some instances, states have used MPAs to extend rights over disputed marine resources, restrict the freedom of others and establish sovereignty over maritime space. Six case studies were taken from Europe, North Africa and the Middle East to illustrate how states have interpreted and utilized different legislative mechanisms to either come together or diverge over the governance of marine resources or maritime space. Each of the case studies illustrates how different actors have used the same legislative tools, but with different interpretations and applications, to justify their claims. It is clear that the role of science combined with a deeper engagement with stakeholders can play a critical role in tempering conflict between states. Where states are willing to cooperate, the absence of clear guidelines at the global level means that often ad hoc measures are put into place, with the international frameworks then playing catch up. Balancing different jurisdictional claims with the conservation of the marine environment, whilst considering the increasing special economic interests will become increasingly difficult. Developing a transboundary conservation tool, such as the simple conservation caveats found in the Barcelona Convention and Antarctic Convention, which allow for the establishment of intergovernmental cooperation without prejudicing any outstanding jurisdictional issue, would provide a framework for the development of individual transboundary MPAs.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00759/fulltransboundary conservationconservation planningocean grabbingadjacencymarine protected areasfishery restricted areas |