| Summary: | <i>Vigna mungo</i> is cultivated in approximately 5 million hectares worldwide. The chloroplast genome of this species has not been previously reported. In this study, we sequenced the genome and transcriptome of the <i>V. mungo</i> chloroplast. We identified many positively selected genes in the photosynthetic pathway (e.g., <i>rbcL</i>, <i>ndhF</i>, and <i>atpF</i>) and RNA polymerase genes (e.g., <i>rpoC2</i>) from the comparison of the chloroplast genome of <i>V. mungo</i>, temperate legume species, and tropical legume species. Our transcriptome data from PacBio isoform sequencing showed that the 51-kb DNA inversion could affect the transcriptional regulation of <i>accD</i> polycistronic. Using Illumina deep RNA sequencing, we found RNA editing of <i>clpP</i> in the leaf, shoot, flower, fruit, and root tissues of <i>V. mungo</i>. We also found three G-to-A RNA editing events that change guanine to adenine in the transcripts transcribed from the adenine-rich regions of the <i>ycf4 </i>gene. The edited guanine bases were found particularly in the chloroplast genome of the <i>Vigna</i> species. These G-to-A RNA editing events were likely to provide a mechanism for correcting DNA base mutations. The <i>V. mungo</i> chloroplast genome sequence and the analysis results obtained in this study can apply to phylogenetic studies and chloroplast genome engineering.
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