3D-Printed Graphene Electrodes Applied in an Impedimetric Electronic Tongue for Soil Analysis
The increasing world population leads to the growing demand for food production without expanding cultivation areas. In this sense, precision agriculture optimizes the production and input usage by employing sensors to locally monitor plant nutrient within agricultural fields. Here, we have used an...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-10-01
|
Series: | Chemosensors |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/7/4/50 |
id |
doaj-3f91cd38fd8042c99cba64409fe06199 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-3f91cd38fd8042c99cba64409fe061992020-11-25T02:16:07ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402019-10-01745010.3390/chemosensors7040050chemosensors70400503D-Printed Graphene Electrodes Applied in an Impedimetric Electronic Tongue for Soil AnalysisTatiana Americo da Silva0Maria Luisa Braunger1Marcos Antonio Neris Coutinho2Lucas Rios do Amaral3Varlei Rodrigues4Antonio Riul5Department of Applied Physics, “Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-859, SP, BrazilDepartment of Applied Physics, “Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-859, SP, BrazilSchool of Agricultural Engineering, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-875, SP, BrazilSchool of Agricultural Engineering, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-875, SP, BrazilDepartment of Applied Physics, “Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-859, SP, BrazilDepartment of Applied Physics, “Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-859, SP, BrazilThe increasing world population leads to the growing demand for food production without expanding cultivation areas. In this sense, precision agriculture optimizes the production and input usage by employing sensors to locally monitor plant nutrient within agricultural fields. Here, we have used an electronic tongue sensing device based on impedance spectroscopy to recognize distinct soil samples (sandy and clayey) enriched with macronutrients. The e-tongue setup consisted of an array of four sensing units formed by layer-by-layer (LbL) films deposited onto 3D-printed graphene-based interdigitated electrodes (IDEs). The IDEs were fabricated in 20 min using the fused deposition modeling process and commercial polylactic acid-based graphene filaments. The e-tongue comprised one bare and three IDEs functionalized with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) solution/copper phthalocyanine-3,4′,4″,4‴-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (PDDA/CuTsPc), PDDA/montmorillonite clay (MMt-K), and PDDA/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) LbL films. Control samples of sandy and clayey soils were enriched with different concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) macronutrients. Sixteen soil samples were simply diluted in water and measured using electrical impedance spectroscopy, with data analyzed by principal component analysis. All soil samples were easily distinguished without pre-treatment, indicating the suitability of 3D-printed electrodes in e-tongue analysis to distinguish the chemical fertility of soil samples. Our results encourage further investigations into the development of new tools to support precision agriculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/7/4/50layer-by-layer filmse-tonguesoil analysis3d printing |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tatiana Americo da Silva Maria Luisa Braunger Marcos Antonio Neris Coutinho Lucas Rios do Amaral Varlei Rodrigues Antonio Riul |
spellingShingle |
Tatiana Americo da Silva Maria Luisa Braunger Marcos Antonio Neris Coutinho Lucas Rios do Amaral Varlei Rodrigues Antonio Riul 3D-Printed Graphene Electrodes Applied in an Impedimetric Electronic Tongue for Soil Analysis Chemosensors layer-by-layer films e-tongue soil analysis 3d printing |
author_facet |
Tatiana Americo da Silva Maria Luisa Braunger Marcos Antonio Neris Coutinho Lucas Rios do Amaral Varlei Rodrigues Antonio Riul |
author_sort |
Tatiana Americo da Silva |
title |
3D-Printed Graphene Electrodes Applied in an Impedimetric Electronic Tongue for Soil Analysis |
title_short |
3D-Printed Graphene Electrodes Applied in an Impedimetric Electronic Tongue for Soil Analysis |
title_full |
3D-Printed Graphene Electrodes Applied in an Impedimetric Electronic Tongue for Soil Analysis |
title_fullStr |
3D-Printed Graphene Electrodes Applied in an Impedimetric Electronic Tongue for Soil Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
3D-Printed Graphene Electrodes Applied in an Impedimetric Electronic Tongue for Soil Analysis |
title_sort |
3d-printed graphene electrodes applied in an impedimetric electronic tongue for soil analysis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Chemosensors |
issn |
2227-9040 |
publishDate |
2019-10-01 |
description |
The increasing world population leads to the growing demand for food production without expanding cultivation areas. In this sense, precision agriculture optimizes the production and input usage by employing sensors to locally monitor plant nutrient within agricultural fields. Here, we have used an electronic tongue sensing device based on impedance spectroscopy to recognize distinct soil samples (sandy and clayey) enriched with macronutrients. The e-tongue setup consisted of an array of four sensing units formed by layer-by-layer (LbL) films deposited onto 3D-printed graphene-based interdigitated electrodes (IDEs). The IDEs were fabricated in 20 min using the fused deposition modeling process and commercial polylactic acid-based graphene filaments. The e-tongue comprised one bare and three IDEs functionalized with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) solution/copper phthalocyanine-3,4′,4″,4‴-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (PDDA/CuTsPc), PDDA/montmorillonite clay (MMt-K), and PDDA/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) LbL films. Control samples of sandy and clayey soils were enriched with different concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) macronutrients. Sixteen soil samples were simply diluted in water and measured using electrical impedance spectroscopy, with data analyzed by principal component analysis. All soil samples were easily distinguished without pre-treatment, indicating the suitability of 3D-printed electrodes in e-tongue analysis to distinguish the chemical fertility of soil samples. Our results encourage further investigations into the development of new tools to support precision agriculture. |
topic |
layer-by-layer films e-tongue soil analysis 3d printing |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/7/4/50 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT tatianaamericodasilva 3dprintedgrapheneelectrodesappliedinanimpedimetricelectronictongueforsoilanalysis AT marialuisabraunger 3dprintedgrapheneelectrodesappliedinanimpedimetricelectronictongueforsoilanalysis AT marcosantonioneriscoutinho 3dprintedgrapheneelectrodesappliedinanimpedimetricelectronictongueforsoilanalysis AT lucasriosdoamaral 3dprintedgrapheneelectrodesappliedinanimpedimetricelectronictongueforsoilanalysis AT varleirodrigues 3dprintedgrapheneelectrodesappliedinanimpedimetricelectronictongueforsoilanalysis AT antonioriul 3dprintedgrapheneelectrodesappliedinanimpedimetricelectronictongueforsoilanalysis |
_version_ |
1724892646387744768 |