Effect of Estradiol on Neurotrophin Receptors in Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons: Relevance for Alzheimer’s Disease
The basal forebrain is home to the largest population of cholinergic neurons in the brain. These neurons are involved in a number of cognitive functions including attention, learning and memory. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) are particularly vulnerable in a number of neurological disea...
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2016-12-01
|
Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/12/2122 |
id |
doaj-4010aa3a9a064de1994e28789ea4ed67 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-4010aa3a9a064de1994e28789ea4ed672020-11-24T21:17:07ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672016-12-011712212210.3390/ijms17122122ijms17122122Effect of Estradiol on Neurotrophin Receptors in Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons: Relevance for Alzheimer’s DiseaseAndrea Kwakowsky0Michael R. Milne1Henry J. Waldvogel2Richard L. Faull3Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New ZealandSchool of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, AustraliaCentre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New ZealandCentre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New ZealandThe basal forebrain is home to the largest population of cholinergic neurons in the brain. These neurons are involved in a number of cognitive functions including attention, learning and memory. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) are particularly vulnerable in a number of neurological diseases with the most notable being Alzheimer’s disease, with evidence for a link between decreasing cholinergic markers and the degree of cognitive impairment. The neurotrophin growth factor system is present on these BFCNs and has been shown to promote survival and differentiation on these neurons. Clinical and animal model studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on neurodegeneration in BFCNs. It is believed that E2 interacts with neurotrophin signaling on cholinergic neurons to mediate these beneficial effects. Evidence presented in our recent study confirms that altering the levels of circulating E2 levels via ovariectomy and E2 replacement significantly affects the expression of the neurotrophin receptors on BFCN. However, we also showed that E2 differentially regulates neurotrophin receptor expression on BFCNs with effects depending on neurotrophin receptor type and neuroanatomical location. In this review, we aim to survey the current literature to understand the influence of E2 on the neurotrophin system, and the receptors and signaling pathways it mediates on BFCN. In addition, we summarize the physiological and pathophysiological significance of E2 actions on the neurotrophin system in BFCN, especially focusing on changes related to Alzheimer’s disease.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/12/2122estradiol 1neurotrophins 2neurotrophin receptors 3basal forebrain cholinergic neurons 4Alzheimer’s disease |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Andrea Kwakowsky Michael R. Milne Henry J. Waldvogel Richard L. Faull |
spellingShingle |
Andrea Kwakowsky Michael R. Milne Henry J. Waldvogel Richard L. Faull Effect of Estradiol on Neurotrophin Receptors in Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons: Relevance for Alzheimer’s Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences estradiol 1 neurotrophins 2 neurotrophin receptors 3 basal forebrain cholinergic neurons 4 Alzheimer’s disease |
author_facet |
Andrea Kwakowsky Michael R. Milne Henry J. Waldvogel Richard L. Faull |
author_sort |
Andrea Kwakowsky |
title |
Effect of Estradiol on Neurotrophin Receptors in Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons: Relevance for Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_short |
Effect of Estradiol on Neurotrophin Receptors in Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons: Relevance for Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_full |
Effect of Estradiol on Neurotrophin Receptors in Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons: Relevance for Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_fullStr |
Effect of Estradiol on Neurotrophin Receptors in Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons: Relevance for Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of Estradiol on Neurotrophin Receptors in Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons: Relevance for Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_sort |
effect of estradiol on neurotrophin receptors in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons: relevance for alzheimer’s disease |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2016-12-01 |
description |
The basal forebrain is home to the largest population of cholinergic neurons in the brain. These neurons are involved in a number of cognitive functions including attention, learning and memory. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) are particularly vulnerable in a number of neurological diseases with the most notable being Alzheimer’s disease, with evidence for a link between decreasing cholinergic markers and the degree of cognitive impairment. The neurotrophin growth factor system is present on these BFCNs and has been shown to promote survival and differentiation on these neurons. Clinical and animal model studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on neurodegeneration in BFCNs. It is believed that E2 interacts with neurotrophin signaling on cholinergic neurons to mediate these beneficial effects. Evidence presented in our recent study confirms that altering the levels of circulating E2 levels via ovariectomy and E2 replacement significantly affects the expression of the neurotrophin receptors on BFCN. However, we also showed that E2 differentially regulates neurotrophin receptor expression on BFCNs with effects depending on neurotrophin receptor type and neuroanatomical location. In this review, we aim to survey the current literature to understand the influence of E2 on the neurotrophin system, and the receptors and signaling pathways it mediates on BFCN. In addition, we summarize the physiological and pathophysiological significance of E2 actions on the neurotrophin system in BFCN, especially focusing on changes related to Alzheimer’s disease. |
topic |
estradiol 1 neurotrophins 2 neurotrophin receptors 3 basal forebrain cholinergic neurons 4 Alzheimer’s disease |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/12/2122 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT andreakwakowsky effectofestradiolonneurotrophinreceptorsinbasalforebraincholinergicneuronsrelevanceforalzheimersdisease AT michaelrmilne effectofestradiolonneurotrophinreceptorsinbasalforebraincholinergicneuronsrelevanceforalzheimersdisease AT henryjwaldvogel effectofestradiolonneurotrophinreceptorsinbasalforebraincholinergicneuronsrelevanceforalzheimersdisease AT richardlfaull effectofestradiolonneurotrophinreceptorsinbasalforebraincholinergicneuronsrelevanceforalzheimersdisease |
_version_ |
1726014076710027264 |