Complex Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Milk Thistle Dietary Supplements
Numerous in vitro assays are used to characterize the antioxidant properties of natural-based matrices. However, many of them generate contradictory and non-compliant results. In our study, we focused on the characterization of traditionally used biochemical (2,2′-azino-<i>bis-</i...
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doaj-4041a2a7246f49faa93e8781c8ff3bf12020-11-24T22:12:41ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212019-08-018831710.3390/antiox8080317antiox8080317Complex Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Milk Thistle Dietary SupplementsJitka Viktorova0Milena Stranska-Zachariasova1Marie Fenclova2Libor Vitek3Jana Hajslova4Vladimir Kren5Tomas Ruml6Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepubliceDepartment of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republice4th Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12000 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepubliceLaboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech RepubliceDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicNumerous in vitro assays are used to characterize the antioxidant properties of natural-based matrices. However, many of them generate contradictory and non-compliant results. In our study, we focused on the characterization of traditionally used biochemical (2,2′-azino-<i>bis-</i>(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity (ORAC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) and cellular (CAA) antioxidant tests on a broad set of milk thistle dietary supplements containing silymarin. In addition to 26 commercially available preparations, also the natural silymarin extract available from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA, and a model mixture of pure flavonoid/flavonolignans mimicking the silymarin composition were investigated as control samples. Significant differences in the antioxidant capacity of the supplements were observed. Unlike the DPPH, the results of the ABTS and ORAC methods correlated with the silymarin components determined by U-HPLC-HRMS/MS. The responses in CAA were considerably lower than in other assays. Silymarin exhibited a significantly higher antioxidant capacity than the artificially prepared flavonoid/flavonolignans mixture in all tests, indicating possible presence of other antioxidants of natural origin. The follow-up U-HPLC-HRMS/MS screening revealed the presence of tens of non-silymarin compounds with reported antioxidant activity (not only in the silymarin extract, but also in the milk thistle preparations). The sum of the total phenolics and the sum of the simple phenolics correlated with CAA results more than silymarin.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/8/8/317antioxidant activityDPPHABTSORACcellular antioxidant assaysilymarinmilk thistleU-HPLC-HRMS/MS |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jitka Viktorova Milena Stranska-Zachariasova Marie Fenclova Libor Vitek Jana Hajslova Vladimir Kren Tomas Ruml |
spellingShingle |
Jitka Viktorova Milena Stranska-Zachariasova Marie Fenclova Libor Vitek Jana Hajslova Vladimir Kren Tomas Ruml Complex Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Milk Thistle Dietary Supplements Antioxidants antioxidant activity DPPH ABTS ORAC cellular antioxidant assay silymarin milk thistle U-HPLC-HRMS/MS |
author_facet |
Jitka Viktorova Milena Stranska-Zachariasova Marie Fenclova Libor Vitek Jana Hajslova Vladimir Kren Tomas Ruml |
author_sort |
Jitka Viktorova |
title |
Complex Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Milk Thistle Dietary Supplements |
title_short |
Complex Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Milk Thistle Dietary Supplements |
title_full |
Complex Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Milk Thistle Dietary Supplements |
title_fullStr |
Complex Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Milk Thistle Dietary Supplements |
title_full_unstemmed |
Complex Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Milk Thistle Dietary Supplements |
title_sort |
complex evaluation of antioxidant capacity of milk thistle dietary supplements |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Antioxidants |
issn |
2076-3921 |
publishDate |
2019-08-01 |
description |
Numerous in vitro assays are used to characterize the antioxidant properties of natural-based matrices. However, many of them generate contradictory and non-compliant results. In our study, we focused on the characterization of traditionally used biochemical (2,2′-azino-<i>bis-</i>(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity (ORAC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) and cellular (CAA) antioxidant tests on a broad set of milk thistle dietary supplements containing silymarin. In addition to 26 commercially available preparations, also the natural silymarin extract available from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA, and a model mixture of pure flavonoid/flavonolignans mimicking the silymarin composition were investigated as control samples. Significant differences in the antioxidant capacity of the supplements were observed. Unlike the DPPH, the results of the ABTS and ORAC methods correlated with the silymarin components determined by U-HPLC-HRMS/MS. The responses in CAA were considerably lower than in other assays. Silymarin exhibited a significantly higher antioxidant capacity than the artificially prepared flavonoid/flavonolignans mixture in all tests, indicating possible presence of other antioxidants of natural origin. The follow-up U-HPLC-HRMS/MS screening revealed the presence of tens of non-silymarin compounds with reported antioxidant activity (not only in the silymarin extract, but also in the milk thistle preparations). The sum of the total phenolics and the sum of the simple phenolics correlated with CAA results more than silymarin. |
topic |
antioxidant activity DPPH ABTS ORAC cellular antioxidant assay silymarin milk thistle U-HPLC-HRMS/MS |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/8/8/317 |
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