Systematic Review: The Gut Microbiome and Its Potential Clinical Application in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing–remitting systemic disease of the gastrointestinal tract. It is well established that the gut microbiome has a profound impact on IBD pathogenesis. Our aim was to systematically review the literature on the IBD gut microbiome and its usefulness...
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doaj-404a16f2fa05485fb7558dd8f65806d22021-04-30T23:05:26ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-04-01997797710.3390/microorganisms9050977Systematic Review: The Gut Microbiome and Its Potential Clinical Application in Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseLaila Aldars-García0María Chaparro1Javier P. Gisbert2Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, SpainHospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, SpainHospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, SpainInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing–remitting systemic disease of the gastrointestinal tract. It is well established that the gut microbiome has a profound impact on IBD pathogenesis. Our aim was to systematically review the literature on the IBD gut microbiome and its usefulness to provide microbiome-based biomarkers. A systematic search of the online bibliographic database PubMed from inception to August 2020 with screening in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. One-hundred and forty-four papers were eligible for inclusion. There was a wide heterogeneity in microbiome analysis methods or experimental design. The IBD intestinal microbiome was generally characterized by reduced species richness and diversity, and lower temporal stability, while changes in the gut microbiome seemed to play a pivotal role in determining the onset of IBD. Multiple studies have identified certain microbial taxa that are enriched or depleted in IBD, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. The two main features in this sense are the decrease in beneficial bacteria and the increase in pathogenic bacteria. Significant differences were also present between remission and relapse IBD status. Shifts in gut microbial community composition and abundance have proven to be valuable as diagnostic biomarkers. The gut microbiome plays a major role in IBD, yet studies need to go from casualty to causality. Longitudinal designs including newly diagnosed treatment-naïve patients are needed to provide insights into the role of microbes in the onset of intestinal inflammation. A better understanding of the human gut microbiome could provide innovative targets for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and even cure of this relevant disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/5/977gut microbiomeinflammatory bowel diseaseCrohn’s diseaseulcerative colitisbiomarkers |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Laila Aldars-García María Chaparro Javier P. Gisbert |
spellingShingle |
Laila Aldars-García María Chaparro Javier P. Gisbert Systematic Review: The Gut Microbiome and Its Potential Clinical Application in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Microorganisms gut microbiome inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease ulcerative colitis biomarkers |
author_facet |
Laila Aldars-García María Chaparro Javier P. Gisbert |
author_sort |
Laila Aldars-García |
title |
Systematic Review: The Gut Microbiome and Its Potential Clinical Application in Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
title_short |
Systematic Review: The Gut Microbiome and Its Potential Clinical Application in Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
title_full |
Systematic Review: The Gut Microbiome and Its Potential Clinical Application in Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
title_fullStr |
Systematic Review: The Gut Microbiome and Its Potential Clinical Application in Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
Systematic Review: The Gut Microbiome and Its Potential Clinical Application in Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
title_sort |
systematic review: the gut microbiome and its potential clinical application in inflammatory bowel disease |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Microorganisms |
issn |
2076-2607 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing–remitting systemic disease of the gastrointestinal tract. It is well established that the gut microbiome has a profound impact on IBD pathogenesis. Our aim was to systematically review the literature on the IBD gut microbiome and its usefulness to provide microbiome-based biomarkers. A systematic search of the online bibliographic database PubMed from inception to August 2020 with screening in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. One-hundred and forty-four papers were eligible for inclusion. There was a wide heterogeneity in microbiome analysis methods or experimental design. The IBD intestinal microbiome was generally characterized by reduced species richness and diversity, and lower temporal stability, while changes in the gut microbiome seemed to play a pivotal role in determining the onset of IBD. Multiple studies have identified certain microbial taxa that are enriched or depleted in IBD, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. The two main features in this sense are the decrease in beneficial bacteria and the increase in pathogenic bacteria. Significant differences were also present between remission and relapse IBD status. Shifts in gut microbial community composition and abundance have proven to be valuable as diagnostic biomarkers. The gut microbiome plays a major role in IBD, yet studies need to go from casualty to causality. Longitudinal designs including newly diagnosed treatment-naïve patients are needed to provide insights into the role of microbes in the onset of intestinal inflammation. A better understanding of the human gut microbiome could provide innovative targets for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and even cure of this relevant disease. |
topic |
gut microbiome inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease ulcerative colitis biomarkers |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/5/977 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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