Accomplices of the Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment Compromising Antitumor Immunity: Adenosine, Lactate, Acidosis, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Potassium Ions, and Phosphatidylserine

In this minireview, we aim to highlight key factors of the tumor microenvironment, including adenosine, lactate, acidosis, vascular endothelial growth factor, phosphatidylserine, high extracellular K+ levels, and tumor hypoxia with respect to antitumor immune functions. Most solid tumors have an imm...

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Main Authors:	Peter Vaupel, Gabriele Multhoff
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-12-01
Series:	Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:	antitumor immunity adenosine acidosis lactate vascular endothelial growth factor phosphatidylserine
Online Access:	http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01887/full

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spelling	doaj-40abb53c6ea54afebbbe85012888143b2020-11-24T22:02:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242017-12-01810.3389/fimmu.2017.01887310914Accomplices of the Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment Compromising Antitumor Immunity: Adenosine, Lactate, Acidosis, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Potassium Ions, and PhosphatidylserinePeter Vaupel0Gabriele Multhoff1Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, GermanyDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, GermanyIn this minireview, we aim to highlight key factors of the tumor microenvironment, including adenosine, lactate, acidosis, vascular endothelial growth factor, phosphatidylserine, high extracellular K+ levels, and tumor hypoxia with respect to antitumor immune functions. Most solid tumors have an immature chaotic microvasculature that results in tumor hypoxia. Hypoxia is a key determinant of tumor aggressiveness and therapy resistance and hypoxia-related gene products can thwart antitumor immune responses.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01887/fullantitumor immunityadenosineacidosislactatevascular endothelial growth factorphosphatidylserine
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Peter Vaupel Gabriele Multhoff
spellingShingle	Peter Vaupel Gabriele Multhoff Accomplices of the Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment Compromising Antitumor Immunity: Adenosine, Lactate, Acidosis, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Potassium Ions, and Phosphatidylserine Frontiers in Immunology antitumor immunity adenosine acidosis lactate vascular endothelial growth factor phosphatidylserine
author_facet	Peter Vaupel Gabriele Multhoff
author_sort	Peter Vaupel
title	Accomplices of the Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment Compromising Antitumor Immunity: Adenosine, Lactate, Acidosis, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Potassium Ions, and Phosphatidylserine
title_short	Accomplices of the Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment Compromising Antitumor Immunity: Adenosine, Lactate, Acidosis, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Potassium Ions, and Phosphatidylserine
title_full	Accomplices of the Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment Compromising Antitumor Immunity: Adenosine, Lactate, Acidosis, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Potassium Ions, and Phosphatidylserine
title_fullStr	Accomplices of the Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment Compromising Antitumor Immunity: Adenosine, Lactate, Acidosis, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Potassium Ions, and Phosphatidylserine
title_full_unstemmed	Accomplices of the Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment Compromising Antitumor Immunity: Adenosine, Lactate, Acidosis, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Potassium Ions, and Phosphatidylserine
title_sort	accomplices of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment compromising antitumor immunity: adenosine, lactate, acidosis, vascular endothelial growth factor, potassium ions, and phosphatidylserine
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
series	Frontiers in Immunology
issn	1664-3224
publishDate	2017-12-01
description	In this minireview, we aim to highlight key factors of the tumor microenvironment, including adenosine, lactate, acidosis, vascular endothelial growth factor, phosphatidylserine, high extracellular K+ levels, and tumor hypoxia with respect to antitumor immune functions. Most solid tumors have an immature chaotic microvasculature that results in tumor hypoxia. Hypoxia is a key determinant of tumor aggressiveness and therapy resistance and hypoxia-related gene products can thwart antitumor immune responses.
topic	antitumor immunity adenosine acidosis lactate vascular endothelial growth factor phosphatidylserine
url	http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01887/full
work_keys_str_mv	AT petervaupel accomplicesofthehypoxictumormicroenvironmentcompromisingantitumorimmunityadenosinelactateacidosisvascularendothelialgrowthfactorpotassiumionsandphosphatidylserine AT gabrielemulthoff accomplicesofthehypoxictumormicroenvironmentcompromisingantitumorimmunityadenosinelactateacidosisvascularendothelialgrowthfactorpotassiumionsandphosphatidylserine
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Accomplices of the Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment Compromising Antitumor Immunity: Adenosine, Lactate, Acidosis, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Potassium Ions, and Phosphatidylserine

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